Question

With reference to Nationalism and the birth of the Indian National Congress,explain
each of the following:
a) Vernacular Press Act, 1878.
b) State any two immediate objectives of the Indian National Congress .
c) Role of Dadabhai Naoroji.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 by AO Hume.

Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee was the President of its first session. The first session of the Congress was attended by 72 delegates from all parts of India, including some eminent persons like – Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, etc.

Question 2 : State any two political causes responsible for the First War of Independence. (2014)

Answer :  There were many political causes responsible for the First War of Independence. Two of them are as follows:

i) Lord Dalhousie’s ‘Policy of Annexation’ and ‘Doctrine of Lapse.’

ii) British disrespect shown to Bahadur Shah II.

Question 3 : What was the role of the press in promoting nationalistic sentiments among the Indians? (2014)

Answer : The introduction of Printing Press in India was an event of revolutionary significance in promoting nationalistic sentiments amongst the Indians. It played an important role in carrying the ideas to the people. During the later half of the 19th century, a large number of newspapers were started. These papers fostered patriotism and ideas of liberty and justice in our country.

The press was a powerful factor in building and developing a strong nationalistic sentiment among the Indians.

 

Question 4 : What was the General Service Enlistment Act? (2014)

Answer : The British Parliament passed the General Service Enlistment Act in 1856. According to this Act, the Indian soldiers in the East Indian Company could be sent overseas on duty. Indian soldiers dreaded sea voyage and considered it against their customs.

Question 5 : What was the influence of Western education on the minds of the educated Indians in the 19th century? (2013  , 2009)

Answer : The influences of Western education are as follows:

i) Through the study of European history, political thought and economic ideas, educated Indians had an access to the ideas of Liberty, Nationality, Equality, rules of Law and Self-government.

ii) Social awareness and national consciousness among Indians were brought by the revolutionary ideas of the liberal thinkers like Rousseau, Mazzini, and Thomas Paine.

Question 6 : What was Nana Sahib’s grievance against the British?  (2012,  2003)

Answer : Nana Sahib was the adopted son of the last Peshwa Baji Rao II. The British refused to grant him pension, which they were paying to Peswa Baji Rao II.

Answer 2

Explanation:

a).Vernacular press act- Vernacular press act,1878was passed by Lord Lytton. The act,which was not applicable to the English newspapers,forbade the vernacular papers to publish anything that might excite feelings of dissatisfaction against the government. In 1882, this Act was repealed by Lord Ripon.

b)i). Two immediate objectives are: To enable national workers from all parts of India to become personally know each other

ii) To train and organize public opinion in the country.

C).ROLE OF DADABHAI NAOROJI: IN 1867 he also helped to establish the East India association.

The two groups later merged into the INC(Indian national Congress). and naoroji was elected president of the Congress in 1886.

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