with refrence to the Bhuj earthquake
describe any three disastrous effect
of this natural phenomena? write any
two measures that can be adapted to minimise
the loss of life during earthquakes
Answers
Answer:
Effects:
1. Human and infrastructure loss:
The massive earthquake killed between 14 000 and 20 000 people, damaged over 1.2 million houses, and affected almost 8000 villages in Gujarat, west India. More than 3000 health facilities were destroyed, including a 281 bed district hospital, a 16 bed mental hospital at Bhuj, and 239 health centres.
2. Economic effects:
The disaster loss was estimated at Rs 99 billion. Reconstruction costs were estimated at Rs 106 billion. The annual loss of state domestic product was estimated at around Rs 20 billion (assuming an ICOR of 4) for the first 12 months.
3. Dewatering:
This was the major cause of the percentage of crops which were destroyed. Groundwater was brought to the surface by the frequency of the quake. The groundwater then flowed away in the Indian ocean, and as such, even months and years later, the water table in the region has a reduced quantity and crop yields are still less plentiful then pre-quake years.
Measures to minimize the loss of life:
1. Constructing seismic hazard maps:
These earthquake hazard data and maps help define the level of earthquake risk throughout India and provide input to risk management decisions at both the national and local levels.
2. Developing resistant structures:
Developing engineered structural designs that are able to resist the forces generated by seismic waves can be achieved either by following building codes based on hazard maps or by appropriate methods of analysis. Economic realities usually determine the goal, not of preventing all damage in all earthquakes but of minimizing damage in moderate, more common earthquakes and ensuring no major collapse at the strongest intensities.
Answer:
loss of human lives
loss of infrastructure
loss of economic revenue
we can prevent earthquake losses by building earthquake resistant structures in cities and areas that lie on fault lines and are more prone to earthquakes.