Question

With the help of an example explain the process of hydrogenation. Mention the essential conditions for the reaction and state the essential change in physical and chemical property with the formation of the product

Answer 1

The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to get a saturated hydrocarbon is called hydrogenation.
Example: Vegetable oils such as groundnut oils, cotton seed oils and,mustard oils are unsaturated and also contain double bonds (C=C). They are in the liquid state. On hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen) in the presence of nickel as catalyst vegetable oil produces vanaspati ghee. This is solid at room temperature.

The essential condition for the reaction is the presence of nickel as a catalyst and temperature.
Change observed in the physical property during hydrogenation is the change of the unsaturated compound from the liquid state to the corresponding saturated compound in the solid state/its bolling on melting point will increase.
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Answer 2

The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated compound is called hydrogenation. For example, the hydrogenation of ethene leads to the formation of ethane. In case of the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, liquid unsaturated fatty acids are converted into solid saturated fatty acids.