Question

with the help of whch hormone we grow up and what is metaphase and anaphase?​

Answer 1

Answer:

Cell division (binary fission) occurring regularly in two perpendicular planes, perpendicular also to the plane of colony;

From: Freshwater Algae of North America (Second Edition), 2015

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Answer 2

Answer:

• Explanation: Many hormones are necessary to sustain life, such as progesterone, testosterone, insulin, estrogen, etc.
  
• Metaphase and Anaphase are stages in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle.
• The cell cycle consists of the stages interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
• Mitosis consists of the stages prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

Even though you have only asked about metaphase and anaphase, you would require the full understanding of the cell cycle to understand these two stages.

• During interphase, DNA replication takes place.
• After this the mitosis takes place.
• In prophase, the two centrosomes produced during interphase, start moving to opposite ends of nucleus where they form the poles of the spindle. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear and the chromosomes are seen to consist of two identical chromatids.
• In metaphase, each centrosome reaches a pole, centrosomes help to organize the production of spindle microtubules which are attached to the centromere of the chromosomes. The chromosomes line up across the equator of the spindle.
• In anaphase, each chromosome splits at the centromere and the chromatids start to be pulled to the opposite poles by the microtubules.
• In telophase, the nucleolus and nuclear envelope reform. The remains of spindle breaks down. The chromatids have reached the poles of the spindle and they will now uncoil again.
• In cytokinesis which is the last part of the cell cycle, the cytoplasm divides and the cell splits into two by constriction from the edges of the cell.