With which process was the indian federation formed?how is power shared w
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The Indian Federation:
The word federation has not been used in the constitution of India, but the Indian Union was formed on the basis of federalism.
The Constitution originally provided for a two-tiersystem of government. The Union Government or Central Government represents the Union of India and the State governments represent the provinces. Later, a third tier was added in the federation; with the formation of Panchayats and Municipalities.
List of Jurisdiction:
Union List:Union List includes subjects of national importance; such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these matters throughout the country. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
State List:State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce,agricultureand irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List.
Concurrent List:Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Government as well as the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
Residuary List:Anything out of purview of above mentioned list is taken as residuary subject. Union Government has the power to legislate on these subjects.
Special Status:Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this State without the approval of the State Assembly. Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house here. Similar special provisions exist for some other States of India as well.
Charu Kalra answered this
The following points may help you:
a. India is an example of holding together federation where the country decided to create constituent units and divide powers between the centre and the states.
b. There are two or more levels of government where power is divided between the centre and the state by the written constitution. This power sharing arrangement is vertical in nature.
c. The powers are divided between the centre and the state by virtue of a written constitution, there is a union list on which centre can legislate, there is a state list on which state can make laws and then concurrent list where both the centre and the states can make laws.
d. Union list contains subjects of national importance on which the centre can legislate. the list , contains more subjects and important subjects like defence, foreign affairs, railways. There are 97 subjects in the Union list.
e. State list includes 66 subjects like police, trade, irrigation on which state can legislate.
f. Concurrent list includes subjects like education, forest, marriage on which both centre and state can legislate and in case of any conflict it is the centre's law that prevails.
g. Apart from the above subjects there is a residuary powers which includes subjects not mentioned in either of the lists like cyber security . These powers are vested with the Union government.
The word federation has not been used in the constitution of India, but the Indian Union was formed on the basis of federalism.
The Constitution originally provided for a two-tiersystem of government. The Union Government or Central Government represents the Union of India and the State governments represent the provinces. Later, a third tier was added in the federation; with the formation of Panchayats and Municipalities.
List of Jurisdiction:
Union List:Union List includes subjects of national importance; such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these matters throughout the country. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
State List:State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce,agricultureand irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List.
Concurrent List:Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Government as well as the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
Residuary List:Anything out of purview of above mentioned list is taken as residuary subject. Union Government has the power to legislate on these subjects.
Special Status:Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this State without the approval of the State Assembly. Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or house here. Similar special provisions exist for some other States of India as well.
Charu Kalra answered this
The following points may help you:
a. India is an example of holding together federation where the country decided to create constituent units and divide powers between the centre and the states.
b. There are two or more levels of government where power is divided between the centre and the state by the written constitution. This power sharing arrangement is vertical in nature.
c. The powers are divided between the centre and the state by virtue of a written constitution, there is a union list on which centre can legislate, there is a state list on which state can make laws and then concurrent list where both the centre and the states can make laws.
d. Union list contains subjects of national importance on which the centre can legislate. the list , contains more subjects and important subjects like defence, foreign affairs, railways. There are 97 subjects in the Union list.
e. State list includes 66 subjects like police, trade, irrigation on which state can legislate.
f. Concurrent list includes subjects like education, forest, marriage on which both centre and state can legislate and in case of any conflict it is the centre's law that prevails.
g. Apart from the above subjects there is a residuary powers which includes subjects not mentioned in either of the lists like cyber security . These powers are vested with the Union government.
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