Write 1 minute speech on the topic Lifestyle diseases and their impact on students
Answers
The colossal advancements in science & technology in the 21st century have not only made us immensely dependent on mechanized gadgets but also ensured that our physical activity gets restricted to a minimal level. Moreover, our modern lifestyle is typically deskbound, tending towards untimely working hours, inadequate rest and unhealthy food habits. This sedentary lifestyle ensures that we fall prey to lifestyle diseases.
Non-communicable diseases or lifestyle diseases as they are commonly termed characterize those diseases whose occurrence is primarily based on the daily habits of people and are a result of an incongruous relationship of people with their environment. The key factors responsible for lifestyle diseases include wrong food habits coupled with increased smoking and alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, raised blood sugar, raised cholesterol level, wrong body posture and disturbed biological clock. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), non-communicable ailments are gradually replacing communicable diseases like diarrhoea, tuberculosis.
According to the World Health Organisation Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, by 2030, non-communicable conditions are expected to cause more than three-fourths of all deaths; almost one-third of all deaths will result from cancer, heart disease etc .
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Hundreds of different diseases exist. Each has its own particular set of symptoms and signs, clues that enable a physician to diagnose the problem. A symptom is something a patient can detect, such as fever, bleeding or pain. A sign is something a doctor can detect, such as a swollen blood vessel or an enlarged internal body organ.
Every disease has a cause, although the causes of some remain to be discovered. Every disease also displays a cycle of onset, or beginning, course, or time span of affliction, and end, when it disappears or it partially disables or kills its victim.
i. An epidemic disease is one that strikes many persons in a community.
ii. When it strikes the same region year after year it is an endemic disease.
iii. An acute disease has a quick onset and runs a short course. For example an acute heart attacks.
iv. A chronic disease has slow onset and runs sometimes for year. The gradual onset and long course of TB makes it a chronic ailment.
On the basis of their occurrence diseases are of two types: – congenital and acquired disease. Congenital diseases are inborn diseases present from the birth & which are generally inheritable. These diseases occur due to gene or chromosomal mutations, e.g. Colour blindness, thalassemia etc. Detailed study is given in human genetics chapter.
Acquired diseases which are caused by pathogens from infected persons to healthy one are infectious diseases. These occur only after birth & are non-inheritable. Acquired diseases are of two types –
Communicable diseases (Infectious) are those that can be passed among persons such as by means of airborne droplets from a cough or sneeze. Tiny organisms such as bacteria and fungi can produce infectious diseases.
So can viruses. So can tiny worms. Whatever the causative agent might be, it survives in the person it infects and is passed on to another or its eggs are passed on.
Sometimes, a disease-producing organism gets into a person who shows no symptoms of the disease. The symptomatic carrier can then pass the disease on to someone else without even knowing he has it.
Non-communicable diseases (Non-infectious) are caused by malfunctions of the body. These include organ or tissue degeneration, erratic cell growth, and faulty blood formation and flow. Also included are disturbances of the stomach and intestine, the endocrine system, and the urinary and reproductive systems.
Some diseases can be caused by diet deficiencies, lapses in the body’s defense system, or a poorly operating nervous system. Advances in medical science make it possible to prevent and treat many diseases that once caused death