write 10 lines about each
Answers
Explanation:
Important Food Crops
1. Rice:
Geographical Conditions of Growth:
Rice grows best in areas of warm, humid climate; rice requires temperatures between 20°C and 35°C and a well-distributed rainfall of about 100 cm or irrigation facilities.
Fertile soil. Delta and valley soils are the most suitable. Soils with higher clay content are preferred for its cultivation due to their better moisture retention capacity.
Wheat
Geographical Conditions of Growth:
It is a crop of temperate climate. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C and requires a moderate amount of rainfall of 25-75 cms. It can be grown in the drier areas with the help of irrigation.
Well drained loamy and clayey soils are ideal.
Maize
Geographical Conditions of Growth:
It is a crop of semi-arid climate as food and fodder.
A temperature of 21°C- 27°C and 50-100cm rainfall is suitable for its cultivation.
Alternate spells of rains and sunny weather are ideal for maize.
It is a Kharif Crop but in some states like Bihar, it is grown in the rabi season also.
It grows well in alluvial and red soils with good drainage. It can also be grown in mountainous soils.
Millets:
Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India. Though these are known as coarse grains, these have high nutritional value. These are grown on 16.5% of the total sown area in the country.
Bajra
Geographical Conditions of Growth:
It thrives in areas of warm, dry climate.
It requires an annual rainfall of 45cm and temperature ranging between 25 to 30°C.
It grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil.
Ragi
Ragi is very rich in iron, calcium, other micro-nutrients and roughage.
Geographical Conditions of Growth: It is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils.
Important Producing Areas: Karnataka is the largest producer of Ragi followed by Tamil Nadu. Other states important for the production of ragi are Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, Jharkhand and Arunachal Pradesh.
Jowar
Geographical Conditions of Growth:
It is a rainfed crop mostly grown in moist areas which hardly needs irrigation.
This crop requires moderate rainfall of 30-100cms and high temperatures ranging from 20 to 32°C.
Both excessive moisture and prolonged drought are harmful.
Well drained light soils are ideal.
Pulses
Major pulses that are grown in India: tur, urad, moong, masur, peas and gram.
Chief Characteristics:
India is the largest producer as well as consumer of pulses in the world. About 20% of the pulses of the world are produced here.
These are the major sources of protein in a vegetarian diet.
Being leguminous crops, all the above-mentioned pulses (except tur) help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore these crops are mostly grown in rotation with other crops.
Barley
Geographical Conditions of Growth:
This is grown mainly as a dry crop.
This is the crop grown in the wheat producing area on the poor soil and in area of lower precipitation.
Although the geographical conditions required for its cultivation are similar to those for wheat, it has more tolerance for adverse environmental conditions.
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