Question

write 2nd law of thermodynamics ?

Answer 1

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy can never decrease over time for an isolated system, that is, a system in which neither energy nor matter can enter nor leave. The total entropy can remain constant in ideal cases where the system is in a steady state (equilibrium), or is undergoing a reversible process. In all other real cases, the total entropy always increases and the process is irreversible. The increase in entropy accounts for the irreversibility of natural processes, and the asymmetry between future and past.

Historically, the second law was an empirical finding that was accepted as an axiom of thermodynamic theory. Statistical thermodynamics, classical or quantum, explains the microscopic origin of the law.

The second law has been expressed in many ways. Its first formulation is credited to the French scientist Sadi Carnot, who in 1824 showed that there is an upper limit to the efficiency of conversion of heat to work, in a heat engine.

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Answer 2

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⭐The Laws of Thermodynamics ⭐

=> The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that "Two systems in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately, are in thermal equilibrium with each other..."

=> The First Law of Thermodynamics states that "Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but can only be converted from one form to another, and can only be transferred from one system to another..."

=> The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of the universe always increases in every spontaneous natural process..."

According to Kelvin-Planck's statement, "It is impossible to devise a cyclically operating device, whose sole effect is the absorption of energy in the form of heat from a single from reservoir, and the performance of an equivalent amount of work..."

According to Claussius' statement, "In no process can the heat transfer from a colder to a warmer object take place without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time..."

=> The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that "The entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches zero, as its temperature approaches the absolute zero..."

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