Question

Write 4 characterstictsof 2nd generation
programing languages ?
​

Answer 1

Answer:

Second-generation structures are based on first-generation structures, but the data structures use simple generalizations, such as dynamic arrays and different lower bounds. Like first-generation, they are still linear and closely based on machine-addressing modes. Second-generation languages usually have strong built-in types, hierarchical name structures and better control of name spaces, which allows for efficient dynamic memory allocation. This is because hierarchical structuring increases control flow, which eliminates the need for confusing networks.

These control structures offer recursive procedures, parameter-passing modes and syntactic structures. Second-generation languages use word policies that establish keyword-in-context rules. During their peak of popularity, many second-generation programmers took advantage of the unlimited generalization functionality, which produced both desirable results and undesirable consequences. These languages are specific to a particular type of processor family and processor environment. They are occasionally used in kernels and device drivers to produce processing intensive games and graphics.

Answer 2

Answer:

Second-generation programming languages have the following properties:

   Lines within a program correspond directly to processor commands, essentially acting as a mnemonic device overlaying a first generation programming language.

   The code can be read and written by a programmer. To run on a computer it must be converted into a machine readable form, a process called assembly.

   The language is specific to a particular processor family and environment.

Second-generation languages are sometimes used for parts of kernels or device drivers, and are sometimes used in video games, graphics programs, and other intensive programs.

In modern programs, second generation assembly languages are rarely used.[5] Programming in second generation languages may yield speed benefits, but several disadvantages have lead to its decline:

   Programming is expressed in terms of individual processor instructions, rather than higher level logic.

   Low-level memory and hardware details must be manually managed which is often bug-prone.

   Programs are machine-dependent, so different versions must be written for every target machine architecture.