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Islam and women in south asia
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Islam is the second largest religion in South Asia with about 600 million Muslims, forming about one third of South Asia's population. South Asia has the largest population of Muslims in the world, with about one-third of all Muslims being from South Asia.[18][19][20] Islam is the dominant religion in half of the South Asian countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Maldives and Pakistan). In India, Islam is the second-largest religion while in Sri Lanka and Nepal it is the third-largest religion.
Muslims of South Asia
South Asia UN.png
United Nations cartographic map of South Asia
Total population
c. 600 million (31%)[1][2][3][4][5]
Regions with significant populations
Pakistan
200,300,000[6] (2017)
India
195,000,000[7] (2019)
Bangladesh
149,100,000[8] (2017)
Afghanistan
34,000,000[9] (2017)
Sri Lanka
2,000,000[10] (2011)
Nepal
1,300,000[11] (2017)
Maldives
540,000[12][13] (2017)
Bhutan
2,750[14] (2010)
Religions
Islam (vast majority Sunni and significant minority Shia)
Languages
Predominant spoken language
Urdu
Recognized regional languages
Bengali, Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Dari, Hindi,[15][additional citation(s) needed] Balochi, Kashmiri, Tamil, Maldivian, and other languages of South Asia[16]
Sacred language
Arabic[17]
Islam existed in South Asian communities along the Arab coastal trade routes in Sindh, Gujarat, Kerala, Ceylon, and Bengal as soon as the religion originated and had gained early acceptance in the Arabian Peninsula, though the first incursion through sea by the new Muslim successor states of the Arab World occurred around 636 CE or 643 AD, during the Rashidun Caliphate, long before any Arab army reached the frontier of India by land. The Barwada mosque in Ghogha, Gujarat built before 623 CE and Cheraman Juma Mosque in Methala, Kerala (629 CE) are two of the first mosques in South Asia which were built by seafaring Arab merchants.[21][22][23][24][25] The connection between the Sind and Islam was established by the initial Muslim missions during the Rashidun Caliphate. Al-Hakim ibn Jabalah al-Abdi, who attacked Makran in the year 649 AD, was an early partisan of Ali ibn Abu Talib. During the caliphate of Ali, many Hindus of Sindh had came under influence of Shi'ism and some even participated in the Battle of Camel and died fighting for Ali. Under the Umayyads (661 – 750 AD), many Shias sought asylum in the region of Sindh, to live in relative peace in the remote area. After the Islamic conquest of Persia was completed, the Muslim Arabs then began to move towards the lands east of Persia and in 652 captured Herat.[26] In 712 CE, a young Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim conquered most of the Indus region for the Umayyad empire, to be made the "As-Sindh" province with its capital at Al-Mansurah.[27][28][29][30][31] By the end of the 10th century CE, the region was ruled by several Hindu Shahi kings who would be subdued by the Ghaznavids. Islam arrived in North India in the 12th century via the Ghurids conquest and has since become a part of India's religious and cultural heritage.
The Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire have ruled most of South Asia and the Bengal Sultanate, the Deccan sultanates and the Sur Empire have played major economic and political roles.[32][33] Muslims have played a prominent role in India's economic rise and cultural influence.[34] The peak of the Islamic rule in South Asia was marked under the sharia and proto-industrialised[35] reign of emperor Aurangzeb, the world's largest economy, upon the compilation and establishment of the Fatawa Alamgiri.[36][37][38] The introduction of further Islamic policies by Mysore King Tipu Sultan contributed to the South Indian culture.[39][40]