Write a all things of water pollution ( definition ,what is water pollution,types of water pollution, how we can check them and preventive measures to be taken )
Full information of water pollution and read out the question class 8 science
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Answer:
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment.It is the contamination of water bodies such as oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and aquifers by pollutants. The contaminants can end up in the water by the direct or indirect application. It is the second most prevalent type of environmental pollution, after air pollution. Below is an insight into the different types of water pollution and its effects.Water contamination is categorised based on the source or the nature of the water body it affects. Some of the most common pollution types are:
SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
Surface water includes water that is found naturally on the earth’s surface. They include lagoons, rivers, oceans, and lakes. Contamination of such water features results from the dissolving or mixing of the water with pollutants. It can be accidental, such as oil spills in the ocean or intentional, like industries eliminating their wastes into rivers or sea.
GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
It occurs when the hazardous chemicals and particles applied on the surface by humans seep into the ground by rainwater. The contaminants pollute underground water features such as underground rivers and waterbeds. As a result, wells and boreholes might become contaminated. The most common cause of this type of pollution is the use of pesticides and fertiliser on farms.
CHEMICAL POLLUTION
Chemicals are the most common type of water contaminants. They affect both surface and underground water bodies. Industries and farming activities are the leading cause.
Solvents and metals used in industries can pollute rivers and lakes. Weed, insects, and fungi control in farms using pesticides is the other cause of soil contamination. Chemical contamination also results from petroleum spills.
NUTRIENTS POLLUTION
Even though nutrients are essential for plant and aquatic life, an excess of it is dangerous. Wastewater and fertilisers have a high content of nutrients required for plant growth. Consequently, they cause rapid and uncontrolled growth of vegetation and algae on the water surface when they end up in the water.
It leads to clogging of water filters and contamination of drinking water. It also uses up all the oxygen leading to the destruction of marine life.
OXYGEN DEPLETION POLLUTION
Aquatic microorganisms thrive on biodegradable substances. When many of these materials get into the water, the number of microorganisms increases. They use up all the oxygen in the water. The depletion of oxygen leads to the death of aerobic microorganisms but promotes the thriving of anaerobic organisms.
Certain anaerobic microorganisms contaminate the water by producing toxins such as sulphides and ammonia. All these are harmful to humans and aquatic life.
MICROBIOLOGICAL POLLUTION
It is a natural type of contamination of water, as it results from natural existing microorganisms such as protozoa, viruses, and bacteria. Water containing some of these microorganisms can cause diseases such as cholera and bilharzia. The effects of microbiological pollution are common in areas where people drink untreated water.
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
Pollution of water affects both humans and aquatic life. Most water sources close to cities and urban centres are polluted by garbage and dumping of chemicals, legally or illegally. Below are some of the common as well as adverse effects of polluting water bodies.
1. Industrial and urban wastes should not be disposed of in water sources
2. Ban may be imposed on mixing of pollutants in drinking water sources for which a boundary wall etc. may be erected around drinking water sources.
3. Domestic waste and sewage may be treated before flowing them directly in drinking water sources. Use of such treated water may be made for cooking vegetables, which may be grown on sewerage farms.
4. Bathing and washing should be banned near drinking water sources because detergents used in washing clothes pollute water. It is difficult to treat water mixed with detergents.
5. Bathing of animals near water sources should also be prohibited.
6. Use of treated filthy water should be made for irrigation because as compared to filthy water, it is more productive
7. There are many creatures which purify water on the earth. Hence, they should be protected.
8. Chemicals and pesticides should be used in agriculture in a balanced quantity.
9. Control may be exercised on unnecessary weeds growing in water, because they affect the process of photosynthesis and pollute water.
10. Sanitary latrines may be arranged in urban areas, so that defecation in open areas is restricted.