Write a big paragraph about information
Answers
Explanation:
Information can be thought of as the resolution of uncertainty; it is that which answers the question of "What an entity is" and thus defines both its essence and nature of its characteristics. The concept of information has different meanings in different contexts. Thus the concept becomes related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, education, knowledge, meaning, understanding, mental stimuli, pattern, perception, representation, and entropy.
Information is associated with data, as data represent values attributed to parameters, and information is data in context and with meaning attached. Information also relates to knowledge, as knowledge signifies understanding of an abstract or concrete concept.
In terms of communication, information is expressed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message.
Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a signal). It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication.
The uncertainty of an event is measured by its probability of occurrence and is inversely proportional to that. The more uncertain an event, the more information is required to resolve uncertainty of that event. The bit is a typical unit of information, but other units such as the nat may be used. For example, the information encoded in one "fair" coin flip is log2(2/1) = 1 bit, and in two fair coin flips is log2(4/1) = 2 bits.
Answer:
Information is defined as (1) “Knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance” (Dictionary.com, 2007). It is also defined as (2) “Knowledge gained through study, communication, research, instruction, etc” (Dictionary.com, 2007) and as “The technical notion of the relationship between data and information is that information is data that has been processed (or interpreted) in order to make it useful, sensible, or meaningful”. (Introna, 1997, p. 7) Information is basically the data that is interpreted by us or by any other machine, it is also a type of data that we perceive or that is made to perceive. It may or may not come out of a motive. For example a particular picture in a book (e.g. Figure 1) or on the television news channels (e.g. Figure 2a.) may want to portray us something especially when it is framed in a particular way, and we perceive in a different way other than how it is intended to be (e.g. Figure 2b.), based on our notions and knowledge about that subject i.e. it is purely based on ones cognitive abilities. Information as perceived or interpreted is not solely dependent on the feeder of the information or the recipient of the information. These interpretations may be based on the prejudice we have. It may also depend on the knowledge we have a particular subject. Information perceived is not just dependent on sociological factors but also on psychological and many other factors as well. Information may also be a way of showing ones power as in the case the power of news and media is shown in the above figures.
Power is defined as (1) “ability to do or act; capability of doing or accomplishing something” (Dictionary.com, 2007). Also defined as (2)”it is the capacity in which a person, a class or an institution finds them- or itself able to make the whole social body evolve to their or its own profit” (Crampton & Elden, 2007, p. 36). Further they state that “when we try to reflect on our society, on the way in which power exercises itself there, we do so essentially from a juridical (pertaining to the administration of justice) conception: where power is, who holds power, what the rules are that govern power, what the system of laws is that power establishes over the social body” (Crampton & Elden, 2007, p. 154). This means that from the society’s point of view power resides with the government and the judiciary system or with an individual and that is the only notion of power that the society has. During the eighteenth and the nineteenth century Power resided with the Feudal Lords and the Kings. They had the Power to decide what is right or what is wrong, what is just and what is unjust, even decide that is true or false. This formed the basis of truth in the society, which will be discussed further. On the contrary power resides in many other places and in many forms. Power may possibly be someone’s actions and then the consequences of their actions, “Powers, on this account, involve things which we do, not things which happen to us” (Morriss, 1987, p. 98). In the present day Power lies with the people (collective form of power or power of a group), there is democracy, and there are trade unions. Peter Morriss further describes the collective power of a group is his book by an example of train passengers and the robbery that they can avoid, he says that using collective power of the group is dependent on each individual’s ability to think and communicate with the group and their combined performance. (Morriss, 1987, p. 111) From the example it is shows us that Power not only lies in an individual or a group but also lies in knowledge and Information and these are a few examples. Power is also considered a tool to by which one is able to take decision and/or bring about changes. Though this Power can be misused for achieving selfish motives and is difficult to seize “in reality power is only exercised at a cost” (Foucault, 1980), also we can learn from the very famous quote in the movie Spider-Man "With great power comes great responsibility." (Lee, 1962). But as we can see from the examples Power has many forms and is exercised through channels or networks and it is an important factor is the production of Truth.
Explanation: