write a breif about the struggle against Apartheid in South Africa
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The South African population was divided into four distinct racial groups: white, black, colored and Indian. On the basis of these racial groups strict residential, economic and social segregation was enforced. The right to vote was denied to the non-whites. Moreover, apartheid saw the institution of the "homeland system" in which the government sought to establish separate states for members of each of the country's black ethnic groups. This often involved the forced removal of families from their original homes to the newly-created "banntustans" (or ethnic states). Due to the injustice, apartheid gave rise to a broad resistance movement. The primary organization leading the struggle against apartheid was the ANC (African National Congress. It was founded in 1913 in response to the opposition of non-white South Africans at the hands of the white ruling class. In 1943, Nelson Mandela joined NAC and co-founded its youth division, the ANCYL. Mandela and other young activists had begun to advocate for a mass campaign of agitation against apartheid. In 1949 the ANCYL gained control of the ANC and a year later Nelson Mandela was elected national President of the ANYCL. Around this time Mandela's political outlook began to shift while he had previously opposed cross-racial unity in the fight against apartheid, he came to be influenced by the writings of socialist thinkers who supported organizing cross racial lines. He was also influenced by the non-violent strategies of Mahatma Gandhi and the new leadership of ANC steered the organization towards a strategy of nonviolent direct action-including strikes, boycotts and other acts of civil disobedience. This was known as the "Defiance Campaign". During their resistance, many protesters were rounded up and arrested and the government resorted to violent repression. The bloodiest incident was in 1960 when police opened fire on a group of 7000 protestors, killing 69 of them. In the early 1960s, Mandela traveled internationally to raise money for an armed struggle. The armed wing of the ANC carried out acts of sabotage designed to destroy government property without killing civilians-detonating bombs to destroy government military installations, transportation, and infrastructure, and power plants. In two trials in 1962 and 1963, Mandela was found guilty of inciting workers' strikes and sabotage and conspiracy to violently out throw the government. Although he was sidelined from direct participation in the movement while in prison, Mandela became a symbol of the struggle against injustice. The apartheid government faced increasing domestic and international pressure. On 17 March 1992 two-thirds of South Africa's white voters approved a negotiated end of the minority regime and the apartheid system.