Write a brief information about history
of gravitational theory
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Answer:
In the early 1600s Galileo noted that the force of gravity seems to depend only on the mass of an object, and not on any of its other features. In 1687 Isaac Newton then suggested a universal inverse square law of gravity between objects.
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History of gravitational theory
In physics, theories of gravitation postulate mechanisms of interaction governing the movements of bodies with mass. There have been numerous theories of gravitation since ancient times. The first extant sources discussing such theories are found in ancient Greek philosophy. This work was furthered by ancient Indian and medieval Islamic physicists, before gaining great strides during the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution, culminating in the formulation of Newton's law of gravity. This was superseded by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity in the early 20th century.
(fl. 4th century BC) believed that objects tend toward a point due to their inner gravitas (heaviness). Vitruvius (fl. 1st century BC) understood that objects fall based on their specific gravity. In the 7th century CE, Brahmagupta spoke of gravity as an attractive force. The Aristotelian concept of gravity began to be rejected, initially by Islamic physicists, starting in the 11th century with Ibn Sina's theory of impetus. The following century, Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī described gravitational acceleration. The works of Ibn Sina and al-Baghdādī were translated into Latin by the 14th century, influencing Jean Buridan and Albert of Saxony. The same century, Oxford's Merton College developed the mean speed theorem.
In the early 17th century, Galileo Galilei found that all objects tend to accelerate equally in free fall. In 1632, he put forth the basic principle of relativity. The existence of the gravitational constant was explored by various researchers from the mid-17th century, helping Isaac Newton formulate his law of universal gravitation. Newton's classical mechanics were superseded in the early 20th century, when Einstein developed the special and general theory of relativity. The force carrier of gravity remains an outlier in the search for a theory of everything, which various models of quantum gravity are candidates for.