Question

write a brief note about the process in which formation of fossils being or curd called so please write a short note on for fossilization?​

Answer 1

Crude oil, commonly known as petroleum, is a liquid found within the Earth comprised of hydrocarbons, organic compounds and small amounts of metal. While hydrocarbons are usually the primary component of crude oil, their composition can vary from 50%-97% depending on the type of crude oil and how it is extracted. Organic compounds like nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur typically make-up between 6%-10% of crude oil while metals such as copper, nickel, vanadium and iron account for less than 1% of the total composition.

Crude Oil Formation

Crude oil is created through the heating and compression of organic materials over a long period of time. Most of the oil we extract today comes from the remains of prehistoric algae and zooplankton whose remains settled on the bottom of an Ocean or Lake. Over time this organic material combined with mud and was then heated to high temperatures from the pressure created by heavy layers of sediment. This process, known as diagenesis, changes the chemical composition first into a waxy compound called kerogen and then, with increased heat, into a liquid through a process called catagenesis.

Answer 2

Answer:

FOSSILIZATION

As we know that formation of fossils is called fossilization. Fossilization occurs in bogs, lava and at the bottom of the deep waters where there is little Oxygen and rate of decay is slow or absent. Most of the fossils are found in sedimentary rocks which develop at the bottom of a deep lake and sea. Dead bodies of terrestrial plants and animals are brought near by streams, rivers and rain wash. Alongwith dead bodies of aquatic organisms, they settle down at the bottom. Sand and silt settle over the dead bodies. Normally, the dead bodies decompose completely. However, sometimes conditions exist when decomposition is low or absent, for example hot mud, acidic environment and hevy deposition of silt. Under acidic conditions some silica may penetrate the cells of dead organism and form perfect fossil. In other cases slow decay continues. It leaves only hard parts. Impressions, moulds and casts may be produced if there are no hard parts. The sedimented mud and sand harden to form rock. With the upheavals in the interior of earth, the rock containing fossils may come to the surface and expose the fossils.

DETERMINATION OF THE AGE OF FOSSIL:

Age of the fossil will be the same as that of the rock in which it is found. It is found out by two methods, relative dating and absolute dating.

1. RELATIVE DATING:

Fossils closer to the surface are more recent than the fossils present mid way and once present mid way more recent and the fossils present in deeper layer. Relative position of the rock and the rate of its erosion can also indicate the same.

2. ABSOLUTE DATING:

Fossil or piece of fossil containing rock is analysed for content of uranium and lead, radioactive potassium and argon or contents of radioactive carbon called Carbon - 14. Carbon dating is meant for calculating the age of a recent fossil. Uranium-lead dating and potassium-argon dating are used where the age of fossil is several millions of years. Electron spine resonance is the latest technique to determine the age of the fossil directly without breaking any part.

For example: dead body of dinosaur buried in mud which also got compressed into rock, above the rock containing invertebrate fossil.