write a brief note on dravid school of art
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Answer:
The temple is enclosed within a compound wall.
Gopuram: The entrance gateway in the centre of the front wall.
Vimana: The shape of the main temple tower. It is a stepped pyramid that rises up geometrically (unlike the Nagara style Shikhara that is curving).
In the Dravida style, shikhara is the word used for the crowning element at the top of the temple (which is shaped like a stupika or octagonal cupola).
At the entrance to the garbhagriha, there would be sculptures of fierce dvarapalas guarding the temple.
Generally, there is a temple tank within the compound.
Subsidiary shrines could be found wither within the main tower or beside the main tower.
In many temples, the garbhagriha is located in the smallest tower. It is also the oldest. With the passage of time and the rise of the population of the temple-town, additional boundary walls were added. The newest structure would mostly have the tallest gopuram.
Example in the Sriranganathar Temple at Srirangam, Tiruchirappally, there are 7 concentric rectangular enclosure walls each having gopurams. The tower at the centre has the garbhagriha.
Famous temple towns of Tamil Nadu: Kanchipuram, Thanjavur (Tanjore), Madurai and Kumbakonam.
In the 8th to 12th centuries – temples were not confined to being religious centres but became administrative centres as well with large swathes of land.
Dravidian Architecture – Subdivisions of Dravida Style
Kuta or Caturasra: square-shaped
Shala or Ayatasra: rectangular-shaped
Gaja-prishta or vrittayata or elephant-backed: elliptical
Vritta: circular
Ashtasra: octagonal
Pallava Architecture
The Pallava dynasty was ruling in the Andhra region from the 2nd century AD onwards. They then moved southwards to Tamil Nadu.
They built many monuments and temples during the 6th to the 8th centuries.
Although they were mostly Shaivite, some Vaishnava monuments are also seen. Their architecture was also influenced by the Buddhist heritage of the Deccan.
Their early buildings were rock-cut whereas the later were structural.
The early buildings were built during the reign of Mahendravarman I, a contemporary of the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II of Karnataka.
His son Narasimhavarman I, also known as Mamalla, was a great patron of the arts. Most buildings in Mahabalipuram (also called Mamallapuram in his honour) are attributed to him.
In Mahabalipuram, there are exquisite monolithic rathas and mandapas. The five rathas are known as Panchapandava Rathas.
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Answer:
Dravidian architecture or the South Indian temple style is an architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent or South India and in Sri Lanka, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. It is seen in Hindu temples, and the most distinctive difference from north Indian styles is the use of a shorter and more pyramidal tower over the garbhagriha or sanctuary called a vimana, where the north has taller towers, usually bending inwards as they rise, called shikharas. However, for modern visitors to larger temples the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse at the edge of the compound; large temples have several, dwarfing the vimana; these are a much more recent development. There are numerous other distinct features.
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