write a brief note on I.T. In DEVELOPMENT in computer class 10
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Foundation of IT
The Internet has gained popularity and emerged as an important and efficient means of communication. The term Internet is derived from the words ‘interconnection’ and ‘networks’. A network is a collection of two or more computers, which are connected together to share information and resources. The Internet is a worldwide system of computer
networks, i.e. network of networks. Through Internet, computers become able to exchange information with each other and find diverse perspectives on issues from a global audience. Most people use the Internet for sending and receiving E-mail and net surfing for retrieving information.
HISTORY OF INTERNET
In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Utah were connected with the beginning of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork) using 56 kbit/s circuits, which is sponsored by the U.S (United States) Department of Defense (DoD). The goal of this project was to connect computers at different Universities and U.S. (United States) defense.
In mid 80’s another federal agency, the National Science Foundation (NSF) created a new high-capacity network called NSFnet (National Science Foundation Network), which was more capable than ARPANET. The only drawback of NSFnet was that it allowed only academic research on its network and not any kind of private business on it. Now, several private organizations and people started working to build their own networks, named private networks, which were later (in 1990’s) connected with ARPANET and NSFnet to form the Internet. The Internet really became popular in 1990’s after the development of the World Wide Web (WWW).
WORKING OF INTERNET
The computers on the Internet are connected to each other through small networks. These networks are connected through the gateways to the Internet backbone.
All computers on the Internet, communicate with one another using TCP/IP, which is a basic protocol (i.e. set of rules) of the Internet. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) manages the transmission of data/file/document on the Internet by breaking the data/file/document into small pieces or parts called packets or datagrams.
Each packet contains actual data and addresses part, i.e. addresses of destination and source up to 1500 characters. The functioning of TCP and IP are as follows:
TCP It breaks messages into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet and also reassemble these smaller packets into the original message that are received from the Internet.
IP It handles the address part of each packet, so that the data is sent to the correct address. Each gateway on the network checks this address to see where to forward the message.
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