write a brief note on Quit India Movement
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The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India.
After the failure of the Cripps Mission to secure Indian support for the British war effort, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.The All India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "An Orderly British Withdrawal" from India. Even though it was at war, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council (which had a majority of Indians), of the All India Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army, and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. Many students paid more attention to Subhas Chandra Bose, who was in exile and supporting the Axis Powers. The only outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands. The Quit India campaign was effectively crushed.The British refused to grant immediate independence, saying it could happen only after the war had ended.
On 7 to 8 August 1942, the All India Congress Committee met in Bombay and ratified the 'Quit India' resolution. Gandhi called for 'Do or Die'. The next day, on 9 August 1942, Gandhi, members of the Congress Working Committee and other Congress leaders were arrested by the British Government under the Defence of India Rules. The Working Committee, the All India Congress Committee and the four Provincial Congress Committees were declared unlawful associations under the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1908. The assembly of public meetings were prohibited under rule 56 of the Defence of India Rules. The arrest of Gandhi and the Congress leaders led to mass demonstrations throughout India. Thousands were killed and injured in the wake of the 'Quit India' movement. Strikes were called in many places. The British swiftly suppressed many of these demonstrations by mass detentions; more than 100,000 people were imprisoned.
The 'Quit India' movement, more than anything, united the Indian people against British rule. Although most demonstrations had been suppressed by 1944, upon his release in 1944 Gandhi continued his resistance and went on a 21-day fast. By the end of the Second World War, Britain's place in the world had changed dramatically and the demand for independence could no longer be ignored.
Organizer:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
People involved:
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Subhas Chandra Bose, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Asoka Mehta, Jaya Prakas Narayan, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Dr Rajendra Prasad, Chakravarti Rajgopalachari.
Published works:
Gandhi, Mahatma, Quit India, ed. by R. K. Prabhu and U. R. Rao
Secondary works:
Bakshi, Rakesh Ranjan, Quit India Movement in U. P.: Sabotage, Bomb, and Conspiracy Cases (Sitapur: NP Publishers, 1992)
Bakshi, S. R., Congress and Quit India Movement (New Delhi: Criterion Publications, 1986)
Basavapunnaiah, M., Quit India Call and the Role of the Communists: A Reply to Arun Shourya
Bhaskaran, Krishna, Quit India Movement: A People's Revolt in Maharashtra
Bhuyan, Arun Chandra, The Quit India Movement: The Second World War and Indian Nationalism (New Delhi: Manas Publications, 1975)
Chakrabarty, Bidyut, Local Politics and Indian Nationalism: Midnapur, 1919-1944 (New Delhi: Manohar, 1997)
Chakravarty, Shachi, Quit India Movement: A Study (Delhi: New Century Publications, 2002)
Chaudhari, K. K., Quit India Revolution: The Ethos of Its Central Direction (Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1996)
Chopra, P. N., Historic Judgement On Quit India Movement: Justice Wickenden's Report
Chopra, P. N., Quit India Movement: British Secret Report
Congress Responsibility for the Disturbances, 1942-43
Desai, Sanjiv P., Calendar of the 'Quit India' Movement in the Bombay Presidency
Dwivedi, Surendranath, Untold Story of August Revolutionary
Goyal, P. K., Battle of India's Freedom Movement
Hutchins, Francis G., India's Revolution: Gandhi and the Quit India Movement
Hutchins, Francis G., Spontaneous Revolution: The Quit India Movement
Jana, Anil Kumar, Quit India Movement in Bengal: A Study of Contai Subdivision
By Ayush Rana.
(I have could add more points but limits reached)
Answer:
The Quit India Movement was a movement started by Mahatma Gandhi on 9 August 1942 ; Asking for an end to British rule in India. The movement was started in a speech in Bombay, where Mahatma Gandhi asked Indians to Do or Die. The Congress launched a protest asking the British to withdraw from India.