Write a chart of constructional devalpament during the time of British
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CHARTER ACT OF 1813 - SHORTCUT
The Company government took its first step towards education with the Charter Act of 1813. The Company was asked to set aside a sum of rupees one lakh on education. For two decades thereafter this money lay untouched as no consensus could be reached on the medium of instruction and on whether it should be western education or traditional learning.
PROVISIONS OF THE REGULATING ACT- 1773 - SHORTCUT
i) Appointment of a Governor General in Calcutta who would be superior to the Governors of Bombay and Madras.
ii) Provision was made to set up a Supreme Court in Calcutta with a chief justice and three judges.
iii) An executive Council consisting of four members was set up to assist the Governor-General.
LORD WARREN HASTINGS - SHORTCUT
He became the Governor General of Bengal in 1772. Later, he was raised to the position of Governor-General of India. He had to face many difficulties. In 1772, a terrible famine affected Bengal. The administration was crippled. So, the company asked for a huge loan from the British government after which the British government decided to regulate the affairs of the East India Company for which the Parliament passed the Regulating Act in 1773.
PERMANENT LAND REVENUE SYSTEM - SHORTCUT
In 1793, Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Land Revenue settlement of Bengal. The zamindars were required to pay a fixed amount of cash on a fixed date as land revenue to the treasury irrespective of what they could collect from the peasants. Many zamindars benefitted more than the peasants or the company.
INDIAN COUNCIL ACT OF 1861 - SHORTCUT
The aim to pass the bill was an effort to satisfy the soft faction (naram dal). Some of its rules were as follows:
According to this Act, the number of members of the Governor's Executive Council was increased to 5 instead of 4. The Governor-General was given the power to form rules and order for the smooth conduct of Executive Council. Legislative Council was given the power to form rules and laws for the whole country. It was mandatory to take the permission of the Governor-General in order to make a law from a Bill. Governor-General had the prerogative to cancel or amend any law formed by the regional governments.
THE CIVIL SERVICE - SHORTCUT
Lord Cornwallis organised the civil service system. It became an important organ of the British administration. He laid down a rule that a civil servant should not be engaged in private trade. Officers were recruited to the Indian Civil Services through a competitive examination.
DEFECTS OF THE REGULATING ACT - SHORTCUT
It did not clearly define the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court or the powers of the Governor General and the members of the Executive Council. The members of the executive council often created problems. The Governors of Bombay and Madras did not obey the orders of the Governor of Bengal. This Act made the position of the Governor General weak.
CONDITION OF BENGAL DURING LORD WARREN HASTINGS - SHORTCUT
In 1772, a terrible famine affected Bengal. The Dual Government had ruined the economy of Bengal. The farmers and artisans led a miserable life. The officials of the East India Company were misusing their privileges and amassing great wealth. The administration was crippled.
MERITS OF PERMANENT LAND REVENUE SYSTEM - SHORTCUT
This system was beneficial to the zamindars. They were the owners of the land and they became very loyal to the Company. This system secured a fixed and stable income for the company.
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