write a conclusion on vertebrate animals and photosynthesis of biology ?
Answers
Vertebrate, also called Craniata, any animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, the predominant subphylum of the phylum Chordata. They have backbones, from which they derive their name. The vertebrates are also characterized by a muscular system consisting primarily of bilaterally paired masses and a central nervous system partly enclosed within the backbone.
The subphylum is one of the best known of all groups of animals. Its members include the classes Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes (all fishes); Amphibia (amphibians); Reptilia (reptiles); Aves (birds); and Mammalia (mammals).
General Features
Although the vertebral column is perhaps the most obvious vertebrate feature, it was not present in the first vertebrates, which probably had only a notochord. The vertebrate has a distinct head, with a differentiated tubular brain and three pairs of sense organs (nasal, optic, and otic). The body is divided into trunk and tail regions. The presence of pharyngeal slits with gills indicates a relatively high metabolic rate. A well-developed notochord enclosed in perichordal connective tissue, with a tubular spinal cord in a connective tissue canal above it, is flanked by a number of segmented muscle masses. A sensory ganglion develops on the dorsal root of the spinal nerve, and segmental autonomic ganglia grow below the notochord. The trunk region is filled with a large, bilateral body cavity (coelom) with contained viscera, and this coelom extends anteriorly into the visceral arches. A digestive system consists of an esophagus extending from the pharynx to the stomach and a gut from the stomach to the anus. A distinct heart, anteroventral to the liver, is enclosed in a pericardial sac. A basic pattern of closed circulatory vessels is largely preserved in most living forms. Unique, bilateral kidneys lie retroperitoneally (dorsal to the main body cavity) and serve blood maintenance and excretory functions. Reproductive organs are formed from tissue adjacent to the kidneys; this original close association is attested by the tubular connections seen in males of living forms. The ducts of the excretory organs open through the body wall into a cloacal chamber, as does the anus of the digestive tract. Reproductive cells are shed through nearby abdominal pores or through special ducts. A muscular tail continues the axial musculature of the trunk.
Approximately 45,000 living species constitute the vertebrates. Species of several classes are found from the high Arctic or Antarctic to the tropics around the Earth; they are missing only from interior Antarctica and Greenland and from the North Polar ice pack. In size, vertebrates range from minute fishes to elephants and whales (of up to 100 tons), the largest animals ever to have existed. Vertebrates are adapted to life underground, on the surface, and in the air. They feed upon plants, invertebrate animals, and one another. Vertebrate faunas are important to humans for food and recreation.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
While the results for autotrophs are not very substantial in showing that plants produce oxygen, they do not disprove it. The increase in the geranium's environment had more expected results, however not as drastic as imagined. Perhaps more time and the ability to record results on more constant intervals (throughout the night) might have helped to support our hypothesis.
The heterotroph environments on the other hand, support the statement that these organisms consume the products of photosynthesis. While we know that various heterotrophs consume autotrophs as food for energy, the lower dissolved oxygen levels in the results in heterotrophs' environments also show that the consumption of their photosynthetic product oxygen as well.
Autotrophs and heterotrophs have a very co-dependent, reciprocal relationship. Heterotrophs produce Carbon dioxide as a product of respiration and autotrophs require it for photosynthesis. Autotrophs produce oxygen as a product of photosynthesis, and heterotrophs require it for life.
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ABOVE ONE IS VERTEBRATES AND SECOND IS VERTEBRATES
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