Question

Write a detailed account on the origin of agricultu
re and civilisation.

Answer 1

The history of agriculture records thedomestication of plants and animals and the development and dissemination of techniques for raising them productively. Agriculturebegan independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. At least eleven separate regions of the Old andNew World were involved as independentcenters of origin.

Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 20,000 BC. From around 9,500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops—emmer wheat,einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils,bitter vetch, chick peas, and flax—were cultivated in the Levant. Rice was domesticated in China between 11,500 and 6,200 BC, followed by mung, soy and azukibeans. Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 11,000 BC, followed bysheep between 11,000 and 9,000 BC

Answer 2

The history of agriculture records the domestication of plants and animals and the development and dissemination of techniques for raising them productively. Agriculturebegan independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. At least eleven separate regions of the Old and New World were involved as independent centers of origin.

Wild grains were collected and eaten from at least 20,000 BC. From around 9,500 BC, the eight Neolithic founder crops—emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, hulled barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch, chick peas, and flax—were cultivated in the Levant. Rice was domesticated in China between 11,500 and 6,200 BC, followed by mung, soy and azukibeans. 
The Bronze Age, from c. 3300 BC, witnessed the intensification of agriculture in civilizations such as Mesopotamian Sumer, ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley Civilisation of South Asia, ancient China, and ancient Greece. During the Iron Age and era of classical antiquity, the expansion of ancient Rome, both the Republic and then the Empire, throughout the ancient Mediterranean and Western Europe built upon existing systems of agriculture while also establishing the manorial system that would become a bedrock of medieval agriculture.
Irrigation, crop rotation, and fertilizers were introduced soon after the Neolithic Revolutionand developed much further in the past 200 years, starting with the British Agricultural Revolution. Since 1900, agriculture in the developed nations, and to a lesser extent in the developing world, has seen large rises in productivity as human labour has been replaced by mechanization, and assisted by synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and selective breeding.