write a detailed note on chapter 1 of geography class 9th
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Notes of Chapter-1 Geography
India is an ancient civilisation but now it is a developing nation. It has shown remarkable progress in various fields.
Location
→India lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.
→India’s mainland extends between latitudes, and longitudes.
→The Tropic of Cancer divides India into two almost equal parts.
→The island groups of Lakshadweep and Andman & Nicobar are also part of India.
Size
→Covering an area of 3.28 million square kilometres, India’s total area is 2.4% of the total geographical area of the world.
→India is the world’s seventh largest country with a land boundary of about 15,200 km, with total length of the coastline being 7,516.6 km.
→India’s east-west extent appears to be smaller than the north-south extent.
India’s latitudinal and longitudinal extent is about 30 degrees.
→India’s standard time is based on 82.30 degrees E meridian, which passes near Mirzapur in UP.
→Latitudinal extent influences duration of the day and night.
India and the World
→The Indian landmass is centrally located between West and East Asia.
→The trans Indian ocean routes connect countries in the west and counties in the east.
→India’s protruding Deccan Peninsula helped India to establish close contacts with West Asia, Africa and Europe, South-east and East Asia.
→India’s contacts with the world via land routes are much more than her maritime contacts.
→India is the only nation which has a ocean named after it.
→India has contributed a lot to the world in forms of ideas, philosophies (Upanishads, Ramayana, Panchtantra) and mathematics (Indian numerals and decimal system).
→In exchange, India’s architecture was influenced by Greek sculpture and architectural styles from West Asia.
India’s Neighbours
→India has an important position in South Asia and has 29 States and 7 Union Territories.
→India shares its boundaries with Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Bhutan.
→The southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two island countries, namely Maldives and Sri Lanka.
→Shri Lanka is separated from India by Pak Strait, a narrow strip of sea.
→India always have and had strong geographical and historical links with her neighbours.
→India stands apart from the rest of Asia.
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