Write a detailed note on land use pattern in India.(5)
Land Utilisation
a) Forests
b)Land not under cultivation
c) Other uncultivated land
d)Fallow lands
e)Net Sown Area
(All points need to be explained.)
Answers
Answer:
Land-use pattern in India is a dynamic concept. It changes over space and time. Land-use pattern in India is as follows:
1. About 46% area is the net sown area in the country.
2. Forests occupy about 22% of the reporting area.
3. The cultivable waste land accounts for nearly 5% of the area.
4. The fallow land covers about 8% of the total area.
5. Permanent pastures and tree crops cover only 5%.
6. The land not available for cultivation is nearly 14% of the total area.
The factors which determine land use are two fold:
(a) Physical – climate, soil and relief.
(b) Human – culture, tradition and technology.
The main causes for the change in Land-use pattern are –
1. Growing human population
2. Urbanization
3. Industrialisation,
This then varies from state to state also. The above mentioned factors are also responsible for the decrease in land under forest which is around 19% i.e. 14% away from 33% norm of UNO body on environment protection but a slight improvement after 1960-61 i.e. of 22% of the total geographical area.
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Answer:
Explanation:
(i) The net sown area in India has decreased from 45.26% to 43.41%. This means that more and more agricultural land is being shifted to other activities. This is not a healthy trend, and must be checked. The steps taken by government has resulted in increase of net sown area to 47% in 2005-06.
(ii) The pattern of the net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana, and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
(iii) The area under forests has increased from 18.11% in 1960-61 to 22.57% in 2000-03 and to 23% in 2005-06 yet it is far below than the scientific norms.
(iv) The land under permanent pasture is very low, i.e., only 3.45% (Fallen to 3%). This shows the tremendous pressure of livestock population on agricultural land. Cattle are reared mainly on the farm wastes, grain chaff and a few fodder crops.