write a essay about sultan ghari
big essay about sultan ghari
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Sultan e Garhi (Hindi: सुल्तान ग़ारी, Urdu: سلطان غاری) was the first Islamic Mausoleum (tomb) built in 1231 AD for Prince Nasiru'd-Din Mahmud, eldest son of Iltumish, in the "funerary landscape of Delhi" in the Nangal Dewat Forest, Near Nangal Dewat Vasant Kunj).[2][3]
Iltumish was the third Sultan of the Slave Dynasty who ruled in Delhi from 1210 to 1236 AD. The area where the Ghari (meaning: cave) tomb is situated, was part of medieval Delhi known as the Slave Dynasty that ruled during the period 1206 CE to 1290 CE, pre-existed as a Hindu temple from Gurjara-Pratihara era (700 to 1100 CE). This area is now part of the Qutb complex. The Slave Dynasty was the forerunner under the early Delhi Sultanate that ruled from 1216 CE to 1516 CE. This dynastic city was followed by creation of other five cities of Delhi ruled by different dynastic rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, namely, the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1413 CE), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51 CE), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE). The rule of the Mughal Empire then followed and lasted from 1526 CE to 1857 CE.[2][3][4][5][6]
The crypt or the tomb is implanted in a Ghari (cave), approached by winding steep stairs made of stone, and supported by pillars and flooring. The cave is covered by an unusual octagonal roof stone slab. The exterior of the tomb structure built in Delhi sandstone with marble adornment exhibits a walled area with bastions (towers) on corners, which impart it the look of a fortress in aesthetic Persian and Oriental architecture.[3][7][8] The other tombs inside the Ghari have not been identified.
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It was Aarti, my household help, who mentioned Pir baba’s majar (mausoleum) after taking her sick mother to visit the saint’s tomb. “You will never believe that a massive fort lies in the neighbourhood," she exclaimed. This was the first time I heard of some ruins in the vicinity. Intrigued, I wanted to know more.
We decided to explore Pir baba’s majar one afternoon in July. The best way to reach the place is to take the Andheria More-Mahipalpur road in New Delhi, and drive towards the Indian Spinal Injuries Centre. Beyond the hospital, near a traffic light, a break in the foliage leads to a narrow path with a few roadside shops and dusty huts.
The lofty structure is surprisingly well maintained, almost untouched by time and the seasons. It’s hard to believe that a piece of history has survived unknown near the busy, bustling city of Delhi. Ruins scattered amid shrubs, thorny bushes and rocks reverberate with enchanting tales of emperors and kingdoms that existed 800 years ago.
The capital city of India has been a witness to the history of the country since many ages. It has seen civilisations prosper and decline, dynasties come and go, great rulers born and die, and monuments built and broken down. And in all of this, a small player was the Mamluk Dynasty, also known as the Slave dynasty. It was the first of the five dynasties that together formed the Delhi Sultanate.
In 1191, Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori of the Ghurid Empire (in present-day Afghanistan) led his army towards the Indian subcontinent in view of expanding his empire. He successfully captured Bathinda fort in on the northwestern frontier of Prithviraj Chauhan's kingdom. But soon, he was faced with a battle called the First Battle of Tarain in which the Chauhan forces defeated the Ghurids. In a few months, Muhammad Ghori returned with a larger army and attacked Prithviraj Chauhan’s kingdom again. Unfortunately, in the Second Battle of Tarain, Prithviraj Chauhan faced defeat and was forced to surrender his kingdom to the Ghurids. In the coming few years, the Muhammad of Ghor conquered parts of northern India as far as Bengal.
In 1206, Muhammad of Ghor was assassinated. Since he had no children, his empire split into minor sultanates led by his former Mamluk generals. A Mamluk was a soldier of slave origin who had converted to Islam. Taj-ud-Din Yildoz became the ruler of Ghazni, Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji got Bengal and Nasiruddin Qabacha became the sultan of Multan. Qutubuddin Aibak became the sultan of Delhi, and that was the beginning of the Slave dynasty or Mamluk dynasty.
Aibak also initiated the construction of Delhi's earliest Muslim monuments, the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutb Minar. However, his reign as the Sultan of Delhi was short-lived as he died in 1210 and his son Aram Shah rose to the throne, only to be assassinated by his slave-commander Shams-ud-din Iltutmish in 1211.
While Aibak and his son ruled from Lahore, Iltutmish shifted the capital to Delhi. His forces further captured Bihar in the 1210s and invaded Bengal in 1225. His eldest son Nasiruddin Mahmud served as the governor of Awadh and Bengal. An efficient administrator, Nasiruddin was the heir-apparent and Iltutmish was grooming him to be his successor.
But unfortunately, in 1229, Nasiruddin died quite unexpectedly in Bengal. Historians differ as to the reason for his death - was it assassination or sickness. He was brought to Delhi and his remains buried. Iltutmish built a grand mausoleum over it in honour of his beloved son in 1231.
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