Question

Write a general configuration of transition element?

Answer 1

The elements which have partially filled d-orbitals either in ground state or in one or more of their ions are called d-block elements or transition elements. Their properties are intermediate between s-block elements and p-block elements. They are more electropositive than p-block elements but less electropositive than s-block elements. They are all metals and have electronic ,

configuration ns 2 (n-1)d 1 to 10

Answer 2

The‘d’ block elements are called as transition elements.

In the transition elements the ultimate (n shell) and penultimate (n-1 shell) shells of atoms are incompletely filled with electrons.

The differentiating electron enters the‘d’ orbitals of the penultimate shell.

Hence, the general electronic configuration of transition elements is (n-1) d1-10ns1-2

The atoms with half filled or completely filled‘d’ orbitals have more stability than the neighboring elements.

Small size of atom, high nuclear charge and unpaired electrons in‘d’ orbitals cause characteristic properties to the transition elements.

The properties are:

1) Transition elements are hard and heavy metals.

2) They have high melting points, boiling points, and densities.

3) They are good conductors of electricity and heat.

4) Transition elements show more than one oxidation number.

5) Transition elements and their oxides are good catalysts for various chemical reactions.

6) The unpaired electrons in‘d’ orbitals can get excited from lower energy ‘d’ orbitals to higher energy ‘d’ orbitals, by absorbing visible radiation thus imparting color to transition metal ions.

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