Write a letter on emoji with emoji
Answers
Answer:
Intro
Emojis are commonly used in todays computer-based communication. We often find an emoji font face pre-installed on many devices which is necessary for the rendering of the emoji symbol. In the following essay I will try to discuss some key moments that enabled emojis to circulate through our network and society.
Within the operating systems emojis are often treated as a language. Can emoji function as a universal (picture) language? What are the dangers of miscommunication lurking when using emoji?
The essay is illustrated with some of my work (MWo).
CMC
Nowadays, web-based communication accounts for a significant proportion of our total communication (at least for most of us). Emails, short messages (SMS, WhatsApp, iMessage, Telegram…), Social Networks… whenever people use a computer connected to a network in order to exchange messages between each other we refer to it as computer-mediated communication (CMC).
Initially, computer-mediated communication was mostly work-related. Often people would not even have a computer at home, but only at the office, and the communication was limited to sending business emails. Once home computers became more popular, it moved away from the working environment and began revolutionizing the private life of everyone.
Today, we carry a computer in our pocket and use it several times a day to discuss business and send private messages. In 1989, 15% () of all American households had a computer, in 2013 this number had increased to nearly 80% (). Therefore, computer-mediated communication as such has changed, and with the increase of personal computers it evolved from a work-related medium to a more playful medium (cf. Jibril & Abdullah).
A Pew report published in 2010 revealed that the text message was the most frequently used form of communication among teenagers, including face-to-face communication (cf. Lenhart 2012).
The SIP theory (social information processing), developed in 1992 by Joseph Walter, explains how people interact with each other and establish relationships in a non-verbal and computer-dependent, and thus computer-mediated environment. The theory states that people who communicate with each other via computer (for any reason whatsoever) actively build a social relationship between themselves. Furthermore, the theory implies that it takes more time to establish this social relationship than it would take to establish a similar F2F (face-to-face) relationship. The lack of non-verbal signals in computer-mediated communication significantly limits the scope of the exchange, which is why more messages and thus more time are required. A key aspect of this theory is that users of a medium will adapt to it and find ways to overcome the shortcomings that result from using it (cf. Walther & D’Addario 2001).
Emoticons
In order to enhance the strictly text-based form of communication by adding a visual expression, the users invented emoticons (cf. Jibril & Abdullah 2013). These add a visual element to text-based communication. The term emoticon is a portmanteau word (frankenword), which is formed by combining the words emotion and icon.
Sanderson (1993) defines emoticons as a "sequence of ordinary characters you can find on your computer keyboard" (p. 1). Marcel Danesi specifies:
"An emoticon is often used in an e-mail message or newsgroup posting as a comment on the text that accompanies it. Common emoticons include
the smiley
:-) or :)
and the winkey
;-)
and the yawn
:-o,
among others (Danesi 2009, S. 110)."
It is said that Scott Fahlman (Professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University) composed the first emoticon, a smiling face, on his keyboard in 1982. As he himself writes:
"Yes, I am the inventor of the sideways “smiley face” (sometimes called an “emoticon”) that is commonly used in E-mail, chat, and newsgroup posts. Or at least I’m one of the inventors." (Scott E. Fahlman)
scott e fahlman
It should be noted that emojis and emoticons are not the same. However, some programs have been increasingly transforming the text input of emoticon character combinations into a corresponding graphic symbol (e.g. Word, ICQ, Skype, later Facebook and Twitter…). Which brings us to
Answer:
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