write a long note on role agriculture in food security in India.
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Explanation:
Ever since independence in 1947, agricultural development policies in India have aimed at reducing hunger, food insecurity, malnutrishment and poverty at a rapid rate. Keeping this overarching goal in mind, the emphasis, which was initially (for 15 years or so) on keeping food prices low, shifted to macro food-security and subsequently to household and individual food-security. Later, the food security of vulnerables, sustainable use of natural resources, and equity between rural and urban or farm and nonfarm population became the issues of dominant discourse related to agricultural development. The policies and programmes related to marketing and trade were obviously guided by the overall objective sought to be achieved from the agricultural development strategy. The changes in marketing environment and production performance of the Indian agricultural sector should, therefore, be viewed in the context of weightage attached to these objectives at different points of time. India’s agricultural development strategy and approach to food security has yet again proved its resilience in the wake of recent global food crisis, which has created political and social unrest in several countries of developing world. It earlier helped India tide over the severe food crisis of mid1960s within a period of one and half decades, and also proved its appropriateness in the wake of * Based on the Presidential Address delivered at the 16th Annual Conference of Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), organised by Amity School of Rural and Agricultural Management (ASRAM), Amity University, Lucknow (India) during November 21-23, 2008. § This paper draws heavily from the recent paper of the author presented at Manila, Philippines (Acharya, 2008). Prof. S.S. Acharya is the former President, AERAIndia; Vice President, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Honorary Professor and Former Director, Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur; Former Chairman, CACP, Government of India; Former Professor of Agricultural Economics, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Udaipur. Managing Editor economic liberalization and globalization since the early-1990s. Though, India’s performance in terms of reducing hunger and malnutrition has not been as remarkable as that of China and some East Asian countries, given the political and initial socio-cultural milieu, the achievements have certainly been commendable. India’s experience has provided several lessons for the countries that are struggling to come out of the poverty-malnutrition-hunger trap. In this paper, a brief review of global scenario of hunger and food prices has been presented in section 2. India’s approach and status of food security have been outlined in section 3. Some details of policy instruments and programmes impacting on marketing and production environment for farmers have been discussed in section 4. Current agricultural scenario, emerging concerns relating to production performance and new policy initiatives and programmes launched to revive the agricultural sector have been highlighted section 5.