Write a newspaper report on the jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Simon commission
Answers
Answer:A)The dissatisfaction against Rowlatt Act led to mass agitations.The government was determined to suppress the mass agitation.A large but unarmed crowd had gathered on 13th April,1919 at Amritsar in the Jallianwala Bagh,to protest against the arrest of their popular leaders Dr.Saif-ud-din kitchen and Dr Satyapul.General Dyer,the Military commander of Amritsar,decided to terrorise the people of Amritsar into complete submission.Jallianwala Bagh was a large open space,which was enclosed on three sides and had only one exit.General Dyer surronde the
the Bagh,closed the exit with his troops an the ordered his men to shoot into the crowd.Thousands were killed and wounded.
B) In 1927,the British Government appointed the Indian Statutory Commission, known popularly by its chairman Simon to go into the question of fruther Constitutional Reform. The committee had to review The working of the dyarchy system,introduced by Montague Chelmsford Reform of 1919 and to report to extent a representative government can be introduced In India.All the members of the commission were white.The Indians protested,aganist the Simon Commission, because of the exclusion of Indians from the commission and in the fear that the foreigners would discuss and decide upon India's fitness for self government
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(a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre : A public meeting was announced for the 13th April, 1919, at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar to protest against the Rowlatt Act. The people were allowed to assemble there. After they had gathered there in thousands, General Dyer marched there with armoured cars and troops. Without giving any warning to the people to disperse, he ordered firing on the unarmed, and the peaceful people. The casualties among the Indians were very heavy. Dyer’s purpose in doing so was to ‘produce a moral effect’, to create in the minds of Satyagrahis, a feeling of terror and awe. This massacre of innocent people in thousands converted Mahatma Gandhi into a non-cooperator.
(b)The Simon Commission
(i) The Indian members of the Central Legislative Assembly exposed the drawbacks in the Government of India Act of 1919 A.D. As a result of it, the Simon Commission was appointed in 1927 A.D. to suggest any further constitutional reforms. This commission consisted of seven members and its Chairman was Sir John Simon.
(ii) Why was it boycotted by the Indians?
But Indians boycotted the Simon Commission, because there was no Indian member in this commission. The terms of the commission’s appointment did not give any indication of ‘Swaraj’, while the demand of the Indians was only ‘Swaraj’. Therefore, the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League and other parties decided to oppose the Simon Commission.
(iii) Methods : Indian people organised hartals all over the country. They also held black flag demonstration with the slogan, “Simon go back”, when the Commission reached Bombay (Mumbai). Such demonstrations were held everywhere it went.