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(a) What was meant by the ‘civilizing mission’ of the colonisers ?
(b) Huynh Phu So.
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Answer:
(a) French colonisation was driven by the idea of a ‘civilising mission’. Like the British in India, the French claimed that they were bringing modern civilisation to the Vietnamese. The French wanted to destroy local cultures, religions and traditions as they believed they were outdated and prevented modern development. So they wanted to educate the ‘native’ to civilise them. This they also did because they required educated local labour force.
(b) (i) Huynh Phu So was a Buddhist religious scholar. He was a native of the Mekong delta area.
(ii) He was the founder of a movement called the Hoa Hao Movement, started in 1939 in the fertile Mekong delta area.
(iii) The movement drew on religious ideas popular in anti-French uprisings of the nineteenth century.
(iv) Phu So performed miracles and helped the poor. He opposed the sale of child brides, gambling and the use of alcohol and opium.
(v) The French tried to suppress the movement.
(vi) They declared Phu So mad, called him the Mad Bonze, and put him in a mental asylum.
(vii) The French authorities exiled him to Laos and sent many of his followers to concentration camps.
Explanation:
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Like the British in India, the French claimed that they were bringing modem civilisation to the Vietnamese. They were of the opinion that Europe had developed the most advanced civilization. So it became the duty of the Europeans to introduce modem ideas in their colonies.
(i) They introduced modern education.
(ii) Tonkin Free Schools were opened to provide modern education.
Motive : The real motive behind this motion was to exploit the natural and human resources of Vietnam.
(b) Huynh Fhu So was a Buddhist religious scholar who was a native of the Mekong river delta.
His role in arousing the anti-imperialist sentiments :
Founder of Hoa Hao Movement: Huynh Phu was the founder of the Hoa Hao Movement which drew on religious ideas popular in the anti-French uprisings of the nineteenth century.
Social reformer : He was a great social reformer as he opposed the sale of child brides, gambling, and the use of alcohol and opium.
Struggle against foreign rule: Huynh Phu So faced a great deal of trouble when he began to spread his ideas of religion, because most of his followers were Vietnamese nationalists.
The colonial government declared him mad, called him the Mad Bonze, and put him in a mental asylum. The French authorities exiled him to Laos, and sent many of his followers to concentration camps.