Write a note on action potenial or electrical signal in nurons
Answers
Neurons use an electrical signal to send information from one end of its cell to the other. At rest, a neuron has a negative charge inside and a positive charge outside. This is due to both electrostatic pressure and diffusion, the process of molecules moving from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. When a signal arrives, gates in the cell wall next to the signal open and the positive charge moves inside. The positive charge inside the cell causes the next set of gates to open and those positive charges move inside. In this way, the electrical signal makes its way down the length of the cell. The movement of the electrical signal is called an action potential. After the action potential is over, the positive charges get pumped back out of the cell and the neuron returns to its negatively charged state. This condition is called the resting potential. A neuron acts in an all-or-nonemanner. This means the neuron either has an action potential or it does not. The neuron indicates the strength of the signal by how many action potentials are produced or “fired” within a certain amount of time. The Neural Impulse Action PotentialIn the graph below, voltage readings are shown at a given place on the neuron over a period of 20 or30 milliseconds (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. After a brief hyperpolarization period, the cell returns to its resting potential.
Neurons pass information on to target cells using a chemical signal. When the electrical signal travels down the axon and reaches the other end of the neuron called the axon terminal, it enters the very tip of the terminal called the synaptic knoband causes the neurotransmittersin the synaptic vesiclesto be released into the fluid-filled space between the two cells. This fluid-filled space is called the synapseor the synaptic gap. The neurotransmitters are the chemical signals the neuron uses to communicate with its target cell. The neurotransmitters fit into the receptor sitesof the target cell and create a new electrical signal that then can be transmitted down the length of the target cell.Neurotransmitters can have two different effects on the target cell. If the neurotransmitter increases the likelihood of an action potential in the target cell, the connection is called an excitatory synapse. If the neurotransmitter decreases the likelihood of an action potential, the connection is called an inhibitory synapse. Agonistsand antagonistsare chemicals that are not naturally found in our body but that can fit into the receptor sites of target cells when they get into our nervous system. Agonists lead to a similar response in the target cell as the neurotransmitter itself, while antagonists block or reduce the action of the neurotransmitter on the target cell. There are at least 50–100 different types of neurotransmitters in the human body. Acetylcholine was the first to be discovered; it is an excitatory neurotransmitter that causes your muscles to contract and has a role in cognition, particularly memory.
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electrical signal in nurons
The place where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another is called a synapse. ... Neurotransmitters travel across the synapse between the axon and the dendrite of the next neuron. Neurotransmitters bind to the membrane of the dendrite. The binding allows the nerve impulse to travel through the receiving neuron.
Electrical Signal. Electrical signals are usually used within the cell, as part of a signaling pathway to communicate intracellularly, and most often to move the signal rapidly from one place in the cell to another.
action potential
As an action potential (nerve impulse) travels down an axon there is a change in polarity across the membrane of the axon. In response to a signal from another neuron, sodium- (Na+) and potassium- (K+) gated ion channels open and close as the membrane reaches its threshold potential.
Na+ channels open at the beginning of the action potential, and Na+ moves into the axon, causing depolarization. Repolarization occurs when the K+ channels open and K+ moves out of the axon, creating a change in polarity between the outside of the cell and the inside. The impulse travels down the axon in one direction only, to the axon terminal where it signals other neurons.