Question

write a note on coal under the following heads-formation, utility, distribution in world and national level


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Answer 1

Answer:

COAL

Formation of coal :

It takes millions of years for coal to form. Millions of years ago, there were places on the earth with dense forests in wetlands, due to natural calamities such as flooding, tsunami, landslide, etc these forests got buried under the soil. Over the years, more and more soil compiled over these forests. Oxidation protected these trees from biodegradation, usually by mud or acidic water. This traps the carbon that was buried in the sediments. Carbonization takes place, carbonization is a process where vegetation turns into carbon. It is a slow process.

Utility of coal :

Coal has various purposes, the following are the uses of coal :

• Thermal coal is used to produce electricity.
• Coking coal is used in the production of steel.
• Coal is also used to make silicon metal which is used to produce silicones and silanes, which are in turn used to make lubricants, water repellents, resins, cosmetics, hair shampoos, and toothpaste.
• Activated charcoal is used to make face packs and cosmetics.
• Carbon fibre is made from coal. Carbon fibre is an extremely strong but lightweight reinforcement material used in construction, mountain bikes, and tennis rackets.
• Activated carbon is used in filters for water and air purification and in kidney dialysis machines. Coal is used to make activated carbon.
• Paper manufacturers use coal to make paper.
• Coal helps to create alumina refineries.

Thousands of different products have coal or coal by-products as components: soap, aspirins, dyes, plastics, fibres, such as nylon, etc.

Distribution of coal :

Nearly 75 percent of the world’s recoverable coal resources are controlled by five countries: the United States (about 22 percent), Russia (about 15 percent), Australia (14 percent), China (about 13 percent), and India (about 10 percent).

In India, majority of the coal-fields are found in the eastern part. The maximum concentration of coalfield in the north-eastern part of the peninsular plateau of India comprising parts of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and eastern Madhya Pradesh and western part of West Bengal adjoining Jharkhand. The southern part of Andhra Pradesh and eastern part of Maharastra also have large deposits of coal. The two-thirds of India's coal is produced by four states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. About 40% of India's total coal production comes from just two states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.

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