Write a Note on Communist party of India -Marxist(CPI)M
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Communist Party➫ A political party advocating the principles of communism.
❱ It was developed by Marx and Lenin.
❱ It is the only formal political organization permitted by the Soviet constitution.
❱ All control of political and economic life in the Soviet Union is centered in its hands.
❱ The Soviet Union is thus a one-party state and this in fact means a one-party dictatorship.
❱ The name was first in the title of the 1869 tract Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels.
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Answer:
Communist Party of India (CPI), national political party in India whose headquarters are in New Delhi. Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy became head of the CPI in 2012, following his election as general secretary.
According to the CPI’s official history, the party was founded in late 1925 in Kanpur (now in Uttar Pradesh state). Earlier in the decade, however, a number of people, both within and outside India, attempted to establish a communist presence on the subcontinent. Notable was a manifesto issued in 1920 in Tashkent (now in Uzbekistan) by Manabendra Nath Roy (who would become the party’s first leader), Abani Mukherji, and Roy’s wife Evelyn that called for the creation of a communist party in India.
The CPI’s initial objectives combined militant anti-imperialist patriotism with internationalism to create a movement parallel to the nonviolent civil disobedience (satyagraha) campaigns led by Mohandas K. Gandhi and the Indian National Congress (Congress Party).
At that time, however, the British colonial administration had imposed a general ban on communist activities and took a number of measures against the party, including imprisoning its leaders in 1929. The CPI thus remained organizationally weak and constrained to operate clandestinely until the party was legalized in 1942.
The CPI gained momentum after India became independent in 1947. It demanded social equality for women, suffrage for all adults, the nationalization of privately owned enterprises, land reforms, social justice for the lower castes (including those formerly called untouchables), and the right to protest through demonstrations and strikes—all of which increased the party’s popularity. In 1951 the party substituted its core demand of the formation of a “people’s democracy” with one it called a “national democracy.”
The CPI’s fortunes began to decline in the 1960s.
It was defeated in the 1960 Kerala assembly elections by a Congress-led coalition. The 29 seats the party garnered in the 1962 Lok Sabha polls marked their electoral high point in that chamber. Most significantly, however, in 1964 ideological differences that had built up over a split between the Soviets and the Chinese communists in the 1950s and over the response to the 1962 border clashes between India and China prompted a large faction of party members (including Namboodiripad) to break with the CPI and form the Communist Party of India (Marxist), or CPI(M).
The split weakened the CPI considerably at the national level. The CPI(M) surpassed the CPI’s seat total in the Lok Sabha in 1971 and consistently won two or more times as many seats as the CPI in subsequent elections. In Kerala the CPI was forced to become part of a Congress-led coalition that governed the state between 1970 and 1977.
In the late 1970s the CPI started aligning itself with the CPI(M) and other leftist parties to create the Left Front coalition, which formed governments in the states of West Bengal, Tripura, and, intermittently, Kerala. In Tamil Nadu the CPI was part of the ruling Democratic Progressive Alliance formed there in 2004. The party was also politically influential in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Bihar.
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