Question

write a note on covid-19

Answer 1

Answer:

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans.

Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people. Detailed investigations found that SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to humans and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans.

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Answer 2

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).[9] It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has resulted in an ongoing pandemic.[10][11] The first case may be traced back to 17 November 2019.[12] As of 6 June 2020, more than 6.75 million cases have been reported across 188 countries and territories, resulting in more than 395,000 deaths. More than 2.76 million people have recovered.[8]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Other names
Coronavirus
Corona
COVID
2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease
Novel coronavirus pneumonia[1][2]
Severe pneumonia with novel pathogens[3]
Symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 4.0.svg
Symptoms of COVID-19
Pronunciation
/kəˈroʊnəˌvaɪrəs dɪˈziːz/
/ˌkoʊvɪdnaɪnˈtiːn, ˌkɒvɪd-/[4]
Specialty
Infectious disease
Symptoms
Fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, loss of smell; sometimes no symptoms at all[5][6]
Complications
Pneumonia, viral sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney failure, cytokine release syndrome
Usual onset
2–14 days (typically 5) from infection
Causes
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Risk factors
Travel, viral exposure
Diagnostic method
rRT-PCR testing, CT scan
Prevention
Hand washing, face coverings, quarantine, social distancing[7]
Treatment
Symptomatic and supportive
Frequency
6,759,210[8] confirmed cases
Deaths
395,331 (5.8% of confirmed cases)[8]
Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of smell and taste.[5][6][13] While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) likely precipitated by a cytokine storm,[citation needed] multi-organ failure, septic shock, and blood clots.[14][15][16] The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days, but may range from two to fourteen days.[5][17]

The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact,[a] most often via small droplets produced by coughing,[b] sneezing, and talking.[6][18][20] The droplets usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than travelling through air over long distances.[6] Less commonly, people may become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their face.[6][18] It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread is possible before symptoms appear, and from people who do not show symptoms.[6][18] The standard method of diagnosis is by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab.[21] Chest CT imaging may also be helpful for diagnosis in individuals where there is a high suspicion of infection based on symptoms and risk factors; however, guidelines do not recommend using CT imaging for routine screening.[22][23]

Recommended measures to prevent infection include frequent hand washing, maintaining physical distance from others (especially from those with symptoms), quarantine (especially for those with symptoms), covering coughs, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face.[7][24][25] The use of cloth face coverings such as a scarf or a bandana is recommended in public settings to minimise the risk of transmissions, with some authorities requiring their use.[26][27] Medical grade facemasks such as N95 masks should only be used by healthcare workers, first responders and those who care for infected individuals.[28][29]

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are no vaccines nor specific antiviral treatments for COVID-19.[6] On 1 May 2020, the United States gave emergency use authorization to the antiviral remdesivir for people hospitalized with severe COVID‑19[citation needed] Management involves the treatment of symptoms, supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.[30] The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID‑19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)[31][32] on 30 January 2020 and a pandemic on 11 March 2020.[11] Local transmission of the disease has occurred in most countries across all six WHO regions.[33]