write a note on deficiency disease
Answers
Answer:A balanced diet is extremely important for the good health of a person. Any imbalance in the diet might lead to excess or insufficient intake of certain nutrients. Insufficient intake of a particular nutrient can lead to a deficiency disease.
Explanation:THIS IS JUST EXPLANATION OF DIFFERENT DEFICIENCY DISEASE
Vitamin Deficiency Diseases
Vitamin is a micronutrient that is not prepared by the body in sufficient amounts. This is the reason why it is necessary to take in from outside sources for the normal functioning of the body. Inadequate intake of vitamins results in vitamin deficiency diseases.
Following is the list of some of the vitamins and the deficiency diseases caused by them:
Vitamin A
It is an important micronutrient that is obtained from different food sources such as carrots, spinach, milk, egg, liver and fish. It is required for normal vision, reproduction, growth and healthy immune system of an individual.
Most of the children below five years of age suffer from xerophthalmia, a serious eye disorder, in which the child is at risk of becoming blind. Vitamin A deficiency in a pregnant woman can lead to complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
Vitamin B
Vitamin B can be of different types, such as Vitamin B1, B2, B12 etc. The deficiency diseases depend on the type of Vitamin B that a person is lacking.
Vitamin B1: Deficiency of vitamin B1 causes beriberi, that results in weak muscles and severe weight loss. Acute deficiency can lead to paralysis and cardiac failure.
Vitamin B6: Lack of vitamin B6 causes deficiency diseases such as anaemia and certain skin disorders such as cracks around the mouth. It can also lead to depression and nervous breakdowns.
Vitamin B12: Lack of vitamin B12 causes pernicious anaemia. Other diseases related to B12 deficiency are muscle and nerve paralysis, extreme fatigue, dementia and depression.
Vitamin C
Deficiency of vitamin C can cause scurvy, a disease that is characterised by bleeding gums, skin spots and swelling in joints. It also affects the immune system and can even be fatal in acute conditions.
Also Read: Scurvy
Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, which leads to weakening of bones, especially near the joints. It can also lead to the decaying of teeth.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is an important blood coagulating nutrient. Its deficiency is common in infants and leads to excessive bleeding due to the inability to form blood clots.
Also Read: Food Deficiency
Mineral Deficiency Diseases
Minerals are inorganic nutrients that include trace elements such as copper, zinc, iodine, iron, along with the macronutrients such as calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium.
Following is the list of a few minerals along with the deficiency diseases associated with them:
Iodine
Iodine is the most important element required for the brain development of the developing foetus. It is responsible for a number of other functions such as the production of hormones. Salt is an important source of iodine in many countries. Deficiency of iodine leads to goitre.
Iron
Iron, in the form of haemoglobin, carries oxygen from the lungs to different tissues of the body. Iron deficiency causes anaemia, a condition in which the blood is unable to carry the required oxygen to the tissues, that also results in death. Around 40-60% of the infants in developing countries suffer from mental impairment due to iron deficiency. Red meat, spinach, poultry, etc. are some of the iron-rich foods.
Prevention of Deficiency Diseases
The deficiency diseases can be prevented in the following manner:
Eating simple, wholesome food such as groundnut, soybean, pulses, etc.
Prolonged cooking and undercooked food lose its nutritional value. Keeping cut vegetables and fruits for a longer period also destroys its nutritional values. Avoiding this can prevent deficiency diseases.
Fermentation and sprouting retain and increase the nutritional value of food.
Deficiency diseases are the diseases caused by an inadequate intake of an essential nutrient in the diet,primarily vitamins,minerals and amino acids.Examples are : scurvy(lack of vitamin C),rickets(lack of vitamin D)and iron-deficiency anaemia.