write a note on development of infrastructure in india during the colonial period
Answers
During British rule, the handicrafts industries in India declined. These handicrafts were very famous throughout the world. These traditional handicrafts got set back during the colonial rule. The main reasons for the decline was introduction of British made goods and ignorance of Indian Handicrafts Industries.
The British followed the policy of De-industrialization to Ruin Indian Handicraft Industries for their own benefit.
They transformed India to a mere exporter of raw materials for the upcoming modern industries in Britain.
They captured India’s growing market for selling the finished products of British industries.
In this way they exploited India, which resulted in decline of world famous Indian handicrafts.
2. Indicate the volume and direction of trade at the time of independence.
The trade and tariff policies of British government adversely affected the structure, composition and volume of India’s foreign trade.
India became an exporter of primary products such as raw silk, cotton, wool, Indigo etc and an importer of finished consumer goods like cotton, silk and woollen clothes.
Britain maintained a monopoly control over India’s exports and imports. As a result, more than half of India’s foreign trade was restricted to Britain.
The rest was allowed with few other countries like China, Sri Lanka, Persia(Iran) etc.
3. Explain the demographic profile of India during the colonial period.
During colonial rule, before 1921, India was in the first stage of demographic transition. At this stage both birth rate and death rate were high, so there was slow growth of population. After 1921, second stage of demographic transition began. In this stage birth rate was high and death rate was low, which resulted in high population growth.
Apart from that various social development indicators were also not encouraging.
The overall literacy level was less than 16%.
Female literacy level was about 7%.
Public health facilities were inadequate.
Water and airborne diseases were on a rise.
Mortality rate was very high.
Infant mortality rate was 218 /1000.
Life expectancy was only 32
Poverty was very high.
4. What do you understand by the `drain of Indian wealth’ during colonial period?
‘Drain of Indian wealth’ means transfer of a significant amount of India’s national income to England for political reason without getting anything in return during British rule. The total amount of economic drain between 1757 to 1939 is estimated to be around 120 crore pounds. British continued to drain Indian wealth in the following ways during colonial rule:
The revenue collected from India was either used for development of Britain or used to fund expenses on war.
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The development of infrastructure in India during the colonial period happened to look towards their benefits.
Explanation:
- During the colonial rule, the British developed the basic infrastructure in India, such as the construction of Railways, Ports, Posts, and Telegraphs.
- Their purpose behind the development was to assist their colonial business.
- The introduction of the railway in 1850 transformed India.
- It helped people to travel long distances and commercialized Indian agriculture.
Learn More:
What are the infrastructure facilities developed during colonial rule
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