Question

Write a note on geomagnetism (the magnetic
field of the Earth).​

Answer 1

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The property which a compass needle has of setting itself approximately North-South, when no magnetic material is nearby, shows that there is a magnetic field on the Earth's surface.

In 1600, an English physician and physicist, William Gilbert (1544 - 1603), first proposed that the effect was due to the Earth itself. From his experiments, he proposed that the Earth was magnetized along it geographic axis. From later explorations, it has been found that the magnetic axis of the Earth is currently tilted at about 11° to the rotation axis of the Earth (geographic axis). The geomagnetic pole where the field lines go normally into the Earth near the geographic North Pole is conventionally called the north magnetic pole. Likewise the geomagnetic pole where the field lines come out of the Earth normally near the geographic South Pole is called the south magnetic pole.