write a note on how increased human population and industrialization has affect water resources
Answers
Answer:The most limited resource is water. Though it covers over three fourth of the earth’s surface, freshwater is only 2% of that, and most of it is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. As population density increases, the demand for the limited freshwater also increases. Increase in population also accelerates the pollution due to the following reasons:
Urbanization at an uncontrolled rate as in the case of India.
Large amount of waste generated and disposed into the water bodies increases the pollution in the water bodies.
Water from lakes, rivers, ponds, underground, etc. is used for both industrial and domestic purposes. 80% of the water that is used for domestic purposes comes out as wastewater. In most of the cases, this water is not treated properly and as such it leads to pollution of surface-level freshwater, and seeps into the ground, polluting groundwater as well.
The rising number of industries in India contribute heavily to water pollution as industrial waste is most often untreated. The industries with the heaviest impact on water bodies are thermal power plants, engineering industries, paper mills, steel plants and textile industries.
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Explanation:
Demand for freshwater is rising with factors, such as population growth, land use change and climate variations, rendering water availability in the future uncertain. Groundwater resources are being increasingly exploited to meet this growing demand. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of population growth induced by land use change and climate change on the future state of freshwater resources of Lamu Island in Kenya where a major port facility is under construction. The results of this study show that the “no industrial development” population scenario (assuming the port was not constructed) would be expected to reach ~50,000 people by 2050, while the projected population upon completion is expected to reach 1.25 million in the same year when the Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor Program (LAPSSET) port reaches its full cargo-handling capacity. The groundwater abstraction in 2009 was 0.06 m3 daily per capita, while the demand is expected to raise to 0.1 m3 by 2050 according to the “LAPSSET development” projection. The modelling results show that the Shela aquifer in Lamu, which is the main source of water on the island, will not experience stress by 2065 for the “no industrial development” population scenario, whereas for the “LAPSSET development projection” population scenario, it will occur sooner (between 2020 and 2028). The modelling results show that the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios will have a smaller impact on the effective water volume reserves than Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) for the “no industrial development”, while the impact is expected to be similar for the “LAPSSET development”, suggesting that population growth exacerbated by land use change will be a more significant driving force than climate change in affecting freshwater availability.
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