write a note on india drama
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The term Indian classical drama refers to the tradition of dramatic literature and performance in ancient India. The origin of dramatic performance in the Indian subcontinent can be tracked back to as early as 200 BCE. It's drama is regarded as the highest achievement of Sanskrit literature.
Buddhist philosopher Asvagosha who composed Buddhacarita is a considered to have been the first Sanskrit dramatists.
Despite it's name, a classical Sanskrit drama uses both Sanskrit and Pankrit languages giving it a bilingual nature. Sanskrit drama utilised stock characters, such as the hero ( nayaka ), heroine ( nayika ), or clown ( vidusaka ), Actors may have specialized in a particular type.
Mahabhasya by Patanjali contains the earliest reference to what may have been the seeds of Sanskrit drama. This treatise on grammar provides a feasible date for beginnings of theatre in India.
Kalidasa in the 4th-5th century CE, was arguably one of the ancient India's greatest Sanskrit dramatists. Three famous romantic plays written by Kalidasa are the Malavikagnimitram ( Malavika and Agnimitram ), Vikramorvasiyam ( pertaining to Vikrama and Urvashi ), and Abhijnanasakuntalam ( The Recognition of Shakuntala ). The last was inspired by a story in the Mahabharatha and is the most famous. It was the first to be translated into English and German. Shakuntala ( in English translation ) influenced Goethe's Faust ( 1808-1832 ). The next great Indian dramatist was Bhavabhuti ( c.7th century CE ). He is said to have written the following three plays : Malati-Madhava, Mahaviracharitha and Uttaramacarita. Among these three, the last two cover between them the entire epic of Ramayana. The powerful Indian emperor Harsha ( 606-648 ) is credited with having written three plays : the comedy Ratnavali, Priyadarsika, and the Buddhist drama Nagananda. Other famous Sanskrit dramatists include Shudraka, Bhasa, Asvaghosa. Through numerous playwrights are still available, little is known about the authors themselves.
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