Write a note on indigenous literature of medical period of india
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The start of the period is typically taken to be the slow collapse of the Gupta Empire from about 480 to 550,[11] ending the "classical" period, as well as "ancient India",[12] although both these terms may be used for periods with widely different dates, especially in specialized fields such as the history of art or religion.[13] Another alternative for the preceding period is "Early Historical" strectching "from the sixth century BC to the sixth century AD", according to Romila Thapar.[14]
Pratihara dynasty, was the last largest dynasty of northern India which rivaled Gupta empire in extent and ruled most part of India from 6th century up-to 11th century. they were successful for stopping Muslim conquests of India for nearly 400 years. and destroyed Muslim armies according to the Arab accounts. their capital was kannuaj and were the first Rajput empire. they can be differentiated from other kingdoms as they were called Imperial Pratiharas.
Pala Empire, the last major Buddhist rulers, from the 8th to 12th centuries in Bengal. Briefly controlled most of north India in the 9th century.
Chola Empire, a South Indian empire which ruled from Tamil Nadu and extended to include South-east Asian territories at its height. From 9th century to 13th century.
Empire of Harsha, a brief period of control of most of north India, from 601 to 647, under Harsha of the Vardhana dynasty.
Western Chalukya Empire, ruled most of the western Deccan and some of South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. Kannada-speaking, with capital at Badami.
Kalachuri dynasty, ruled areas in Central India during 10th-12th centuries.
Western Ganga dynasty, was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka, often under the overlordship of larger states, from about 350 to 1000 AD. The large monolithic Bahubali of Shravanabelagola was built during their rule.
Kakatiya Kingdom, a Telugu dynasty that ruled most of current day Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 to 1323 CE.
The Sena dynasty, was a Hindu dynasty that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries. The empire at its peak covered much of the north-eastern region of the Indian subcontinent. The rulers of the Sena Dynasty traced their origin to the south Indian region of Karnataka.
Late medieval era
Following the Muslim conquests of the Indian subcontinent and the decline of Buddhism were seen to be taken place, eventually founding the Delhi Sultanate and creating the Indo-Islamic architecture, followed by the world's major trading nation Bengal Sultanate.[17][18]
Delhi Sultanate, five short-lived dynasties, based in Delhi, from 1206 to 1526, when it fell to the Mughal Empire.
Chero dynasty, 12th CE-18th CE ruled much parts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand.
Bengal Sultanate, 1352 to 1576, ruled over Bengal and much of Burma.
Ahom Kingdom, 1228–1826, Brahmaputra valley in Assam, resisted the Mughals, eventually taken by the British.
Reddy Kingdom, 1325 to 1448, in Andhra Pradesh.
Vijayanagara Empire, 1336–1646, a Hindu-Kannadiga empire based in Karnataka, in the Deccan Plateau region. UNESCO World Heritage site Hampi in Bellary district of Karnataka was their capital city.
Gajapati Kingdom, was a medieval Hindu dynasty that ruled over Kalinga (the present day Orissa).
Early modern era
The start of the Mughal Empire in 1526 marked the beginning of the early modern period of Indian history,[2] often referred to as the Mughal era. Sometimes, the Mughal era is also referred to as the 'late medieval' period.
Sikh Empire,[19] was a major power in the Northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, which arose under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the Punjab region. They were usurped by the British East India Company between early and mid 19th century, following the British victory in the Anglo-Sikh wars.
Historiography
Modern historical works written on Medieval India have received some criticism from scholars studying the historiography of the period. E. Sreedharan argues that, after Indian independence up until the 1960s, Indian historians were often motivated by Indian nationalism.[20] Peter Hardy notes that the majority of modern historical works on Medieval India up until then were written by British and Hindu historians, whereas the work of modern Muslim historians was under-represented.[21] However, he argues that some of the modern Muslim historiography on Medieval India at the time was motivated by Islamic apologetics, attempting to justify "the life of medieval Muslims to the modern world."[22]
Ram Sharan Sharma has criticised the simplistic manner in which Indian history is often divided into an ancient "Hindu" period, a medieval "Muslim" period, and a modern "British" period. He argues that there is no clear sharp distinction between when the ancient period ended and when the medieval period began, noting dates ranging from the 7th century to the 13th century.[23]
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The indigenous literature of medical period of India is one of the most important.
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