Question

write a note on Jallianwala Bagh

Answer 1

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre was a massacre  that happened in Amritsar , in 1919. It is named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian  city of Amritsar. On April 13, 1919,Britis, Indian army  soldiers started shooting at an unarmed gathering of men, women and children. The person in charge was Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, the military commander of Amritsar.

The shooting lasted about ten minutes. According to official British Raj sources, 379 people were killed. According to other sources, there were over 1,000 deaths, with more than 2,000 wounded, and Civil Surgeon Dr. Smith said that there were 1,526 casualties.

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Answer 2

The situation in Punjab was alarming as there were riots and protests against the Rowlatt Act.Punjab was put under martial law which meant that it became unlawful for more than 4 people to assemble at a place.The Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab at that time was Michael O’Dwyer. Lord Chelmsford was India’s Viceroy.On the day of the festival of Baisakhi on 13th April 1919 in Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden in Amritsar, a crowd of non-violent protestors had gathered. Also among the crowd were pilgrims who had come to celebrate Baisakhi.General Dyer came there with his troops and blocked the only narrow entrance to the garden.Then, without warning, he ordered his troops to fire at the unarmed crowd which included children as well.The indiscriminate firing went on for about 10 minutes which resulted in the deaths of at least 1000 people and injured more than 1500 people.This tragedy came as a rude shock to Indians and totally destroyed their faith in the British system of justice.National leaders condemned the act and Dyer unequivocally.However, Dyer was appreciated by many in Britain and the British in India although some people in the British government were quick to criticise it.The government set up the Hunter Commission to inquire into the massacre. Although the commission condemned the act by Dyer, it did not impose any disciplinary action against him.He was relieved of his duties in the army in 1920.In protest against the massacre and the British failure to give due justice to the victims, Rabindranath Tagore gave up his knighthood and Gandhiji relinquished his title ‘Kaiser-e-hind’ bestowed on him by the British for his services during the Boer War in South Africa.Michael O’Dwyer, the then Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, who had approved the actions of Brigadier General Dyer, was assassinated by Udham Singh in London in 1940 as revenge against the massacre. Udham Singh is believed to have witnessed the massacre as a child.