write a note on life and work of john dalton
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John Dalton FRS (/ˈdɔːltən/; 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in his honour.
Early lifeEdit
John Dalton was born into a Quaker family from Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, in Cumberland, England.[1] His father was a weaver.[2] He received his early education from his father and from Quaker John Fletcher, who ran a private school in the nearby village of Pardshaw Hall. Dalton's family was too poor to support him for long and he began to earn hill living, from the age of ten, in the service of wealthy local Quaker Elihu Robinson.[3]
Personal lifeEdit
Dalton in later life by Thomas Phillips, National Portrait Gallery, London (1835).
Dalton never married and had only a few close friends. As a Quaker, he lived a modest and unassuming personal life.[1]
For the 26 years prior to his death, Dalton lived in a room in the home of the Rev W. Johns, a published botanist, and his wife, in George Street, Manchester. Dalton and Johns died in the same year (1844).[30]
Dalton's daily round of laboratory work and tutoring in Manchester was broken only by annual excursions to the Lake District and occasional visits to London. In 1822 he paid a short visit to Paris, where he met many distinguished resident men of science. He attended several of the earlier meetings of the British Association at York, Oxford, Dublin and Bristol.
Disability and deathEdit
Dalton suffered a minor stroke in 1837, and a second in 1838 left him with a speech impairment, although he remained able to perform experiments. In May 1844 he had another stroke; on 26 July he recorded with trembling hand his last meteorological observation. On 27 July, in Manchester, Dalton fell from his bed and was found lifeless by his attendant.
Dalton was accorded a civic funeral with full honours. His body lay in state in Manchester Town Hall for four days and more than 40,000 people filed past his coffin. The funeral procession included representatives of the city's major civic, commercial, and scientific bodies.[31][32] He was buried in Manchester in Ardwick Cemetery; the cemetery is now a playing field, but pictures of the original grave may be found in published materials.[33][34]
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John Dalton is best known for what became known as Dalton's law, which posits that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual component gases, partial pressure being the pressure that each gas would exert alone within the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
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