Question

Write a note on organogenesis.

Answer 1

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Organogenesis is the phase of embryonic development that starts at the end of gastrulation and continues until birth. During organogenesis, the three germ layers formed from gastrulation: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm form the internal organs of the organism.[1]

The cells of each of the three germ layers undergo differentiation, a process where less-specialized cells become more-specialized through the expression of a specific set of genes. Cell differentiation is driven by cell signaling cascades[2]. Differentiation is influenced by extracellular signals such as growth factors that are exchanged to adjacent cells which is called juxtracrine signaling or to neighboring cells over short distances which is called paracrine signaling.[3] Intracellular signals consist of a cell signaling itself (autocrine signaling), also play a role in organ formation. These signaling pathways allows for cell rearrangement and ensures that organs form at specific sites within the organism.[1] The organogenesis process can be studied using embryos and organoids.[4]

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Answer 2

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Organogenesis is the formation of organs and tissues in the embryos. It generally begins in the ninth wk. Of pregnancy.

• Most of the organogenesis is completed with in about a month. The first sign of organogenesis is Motogenesis followed by Neurulation.

• Soon after rudiments of other organs also begin to appear. after first month of pregnancy, heart of embryo is formed.

• Limbs and digits develop by the end of second month. By the end of 12 week most of the major organ systems develop.