Write a note on origin and growth of statistics
Answers
Answer:
The history of statistics in the modern sense dates from the mid-17th century, with the term statistics itself coined in 1749 in German, although there have been changes to the interpretation of the word over time. The development of statistics is intimately connected on the one hand with the development of sovereign states, particularly European states following the Peace of Westphalia (1648); and the other hand with the development of probability theory, which put statistics on a firm theoretical basis; see History of probability.
In early times, the meaning was restricted to information about states, particularly demographics such as population. This was later extended to include all collections of information of all types, and later still it was extended to include the analysis and interpretation of such data. In modern terms, "statistics" means both sets of collected information, as in national accounts and temperature records, and analytical work which requires statistical inference. Statistical activities are often associated with models expressed using probabilities, hence the connection with probability theory. The large requirements of data processing have made statistics a key application of computing; see history of computing hardware. A number of statistical concepts have an important impact on a wide range of sciences. These include the design of experiments and approaches to statistical inference such as Bayesian inference, each of which can be considered to have their own sequence in the development of the ideas underlying modern statistics.
Answer:
Origin and Growth of Statistics
Step-by-step explanation:
The origin of statistics can be traced back to the primitive man, who put notches on trees to keep an account of his belongings. During 5000 BCE, kings used to carry out census of populations and resources of the state. Kings of olden days made their crucial decisions on wars, based on statistics of infantry, and elephantary units of their own and that of their enemies. Later it enhanced its scope in their kingdoms’ tax management and administrative domains. Thus, the word ‘Statistics’ has its root either to Latin word ‘Status’ or Italian word ‘Statista’ or German word ‘Statistik’ each of which means a ‘political state’. The word ‘Statistics’ was primarily associated with the presentation of facts and figures pertaining to demographic, social and political situations prevailing in a state/government. Its evolution over time formed the basis for most of the science and art disciplines. Statistics is used in the developmental phases of both theoretical and applied areas, encompassing the field of Industry, Agriculture, Medicine, Sports and Business analytics.
In olden days statistics was used for political- war purpose. Later, it was extended to taxation purposes. This is evident from Kautilya’s Arthasastra (324 – 300 BCE). Akbar`s finance minister Raja Thodarmall collected information regarding agricultural land holdings. During the seventeenth century, statistics entered in vital statistics, which is the basis for the modern day Actuarial Science. Gauss introduced the theory of errors in physical sciences at the end of eighteenth century.
tatistics is used in two different forms-singular and plural. In plural form it refers to the numerical figures obtained by measurement or counting in a systematic manner with a definite purpose such as number of accidents in a busy road of a city in a day, number of people died due to a chronic disease during a month in a state and so on. In its singular form, it refers to statistical theories and methods of collecting, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical figures.
Though the importance of statistics was strongly felt, its tremendous growth was in the twentieth century. During this period, lot of new theories, applications in various disciplines were introduced. With the contribution of renowned statisticians several theories and methods were introduced, naming a few are Probability Theory, Sampling Theory, Statistical Inference, Design of Experiments, Correlation and Regression Methods, Time Series and Forecasting Techniques.
In early 1900s, statistics and statisticians were not given much importance but over the years due to advancement of technology it had its wider scope and gained attention in all fields of science and management. We also tend to think statistician as a small profession but a steady growth in the last century is impressive. It is pertinent to note that the continued growth of statistics is closely associated with information technology. As a result several new inter- disciplines have emerged. They are Data Mining, Data Warehousing, Geographic Information System, Artificial Intelligence etc. Now-a-days, statistics can be applied in hardcore technological spheres such as Bioinformatics, Signal processing, Telecommunications, Engineering, Medicine, Crimes, Ecology, etc.
Today’s business managers need to learn how analytics can help them make better decisions that can generate better business outcomes. They need to have an understanding of the statistical concepts that can help analyze and simplify the flood of data around them. They should be able to leverage analytical techniques like decision trees, regression analysis, clustering and association to improve business processes.