Biology, asked by rahul4280, 11 months ago

write a note on pleiotropy

Answers

Answered by VelvetBlaze
15

Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Therefore, a mutation in a pleiotropic gene may have an effect on several traits simultaneously due to the gene coding for a product used by a myriad of cells or different targets that have the same signaling function.

Pleiotropy can arise from several distinct but potentially overlapping mechanisms, such as gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy. Gene pleiotropy occurs when a gene product interacts with multiple other proteins or catalyzes multiple reactions. Developmental pleiotropy occurs when mutations have multiple effects on the resulting phenotype. Selectional pleiotropy occurs when the resulting phenotype has many effects on fitness (depending on factors such as age and gender).

An example of pleiotropy is phenylketonuria, an inherited disorder that affects the level of phenylalanine in the body. Phenylalanine is an amino acid that can be obtained from food. Phenylketonuria causes this amino acid to increase in amount in the body, which can be very dangerous. The human disease is caused by a defect in a single gene on chromosome 12 that affects multiple systems, such as the nervous and integumentary system. Other examples of pleiotropy are albinism, sickle cell anemia, and certain forms of autism and schizophrenia. Pleiotropy not only affects humans, but also animals, such as chickens and laboratory house mice, where the mice have the "mini-muscle" allele.

Pleiotropic gene action can limit the rate of multivariate evolution when natural selection, sexual selection or artificial selection on one trait favors one allele, while selection on other traits favors a different allele. Some gene evolution is harmful to an organism. Genetic correlations and responses to selection most often exemplify pleiotropy.


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Answered by Surnia
9

Pleiotropy is a genetic effect in which one gene is able to influence the expression of different and unrelated phenotypic traits.

Explanation:

  • The genes which are responsible for the multiple phenotypic expression are called as pleiotropic gene.
  • The genes may control the expression of many traits at a same time.
  • Example of pleiotropy is phenylketonuria, sickle cell anemia, autism and schizophrenia.

Learn more about pleiotropy:

write a note on pleiotropy: https://brainly.in/question/4664632

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