write a note on production of haploids by tissue culture.
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Specialized plant tissue culture methods have enabled the production of completely homozygous breeding lines from gametic cells in a shortened time frame compared to conventional plant breeding. Plants from gametic cells of an F1 hybrid represent a gametic array each having a different genetic contribution from the parents. Lines exhibiting the desired characteristics are chosen for large-scale field trials as a prelude to commercialization. Although the number of new plant varieties developed via this method has been limited, refinement of tissue culture techniques has extended the range of crop species from which haploid plants have been produced as well as the efficiency resulting in large-scale haploid plant production. Several varieties developed via this method are grown on considerable acreage while others are being tested as candidates to replace varieties developed by conventional methods.