write a note on scarcity of water
Answers
It already affects every continent and around 2.8 billion people around the world at least one month out of every year.
More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water.
Water scarcity involves water stress, water shortage or deficits, and water crisis.
While the concept of water stress is relatively new, it is the difficulty of obtaining sources of fresh water for use during a period of time and may result in further depletion and deterioration of available water resources.Water shortages may be caused by climate change, such as altered weather patterns including droughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and overuse of water.
A water crisis is a situation where the available potable, unpolluted water within a region is less than that region's demand.
Water scarcity is being driven by two converging phenomena: growing freshwater use and depletion of usable freshwater resources.
Water scarcity can be a result of two mechanisms: physical (absolute) water scarcity and economic water scarcity, where physical water scarcity is a result of inadequate natural water resources to supply a region's demand, and economic water scarcity is a result of poor management of the sufficient available water resources.
According to the United Nations Development Programme, the latter is found more often to be the cause of countries or regions experiencing water scarcity, as most countries or regions have enough water to meet household, industrial, agricultural, and environmental needs, but lack the means to provide it in an accessible manner.
The reduction of water scarcity is a goal of many countries and governments.
The UN recognizes the importance of reducing the number of people without sustainable access to clean water and sanitation.
The Millennium Development Goals within the United Nations Millennium Declaration state that by 2015 they resolve to "halve the proportion of people who are unable to reach or to afford safe drinking water."
Water scarcity is a lack of drinkable water available in a given area. It mostly affects arid and deserted areas, and places where the water is too polluted to drink. It is a social, environmental and economic problem in many countries. Water scarcity can be the result of both human and natural causes. Changes in climate and weather patterns can cause the availability of water to drop. Common human causes include over-consumption, bad governance, pollution, and increases in the demand for water.
Different terms are used to describe different types of water scarcity:
A water shortage is when there is not enough water to meet demands. Changes in the weather, such as drought can cause water shortage.Water stress is the difficulty of finding sources of fresh water for use.A water crisis is a situation where the available supply of potable, clean water within an area is less than the demand for it.The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that by 2025, 1.9 billion people will be living in countries or regions with total water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions.The World Bank has said that climate change could heavily change the future of water availability and use, and therefore increase water stress on a global scale.
Water scarcity has negative affects on ecology, biodiversity, agriculture and human health. It has also led to armed conflicts in several cases.
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