write a note on simple distillation process
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Answer:
Simple distillation is a procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated. ... The temperature will continue to increase until the boiling point of the next-lowest-boiling compound is approached. When the temperature again stabilizes, another pure fraction of the distillate can be collected
Explanation:
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Simple Distillation
Simple distillation involves heating the liquid mixture to the boiling point and immediately condensing the resulting vapors.
This method is only effective for mixtures wherein the boiling points of the liquids are considerably different (a minimum difference of 25oC).
The purity of the distillate (the purified liquid) is governed by Raoult’s law.
Fractional Distillation
Fractional distillation is often used to separate mixtures of liquids that have similar boiling points. It involves several vaporization-condensation steps (which takes place in a fractioning column). This process is also known as rectification. The apparatus required to perform a fractional distillation on a mixture is listed below.
Round-bottom flask or distilling flask
A source of heat, which can be a fire or a hot bath.
Receiving flask to collect the condensed vapors
Fractioning column
Thermometer to measure the temperature in the distilling flask
Condenser
Standard Glassware.
When heated, the liquid mixture is converted into vapors that rise into the fractioning column. The vapors now cool and condense on the walls of the condenser. The hot vapors emanating from the distilling flask now heat the condensed vapor, creating new vapors.
Many such vaporization-condensation cycles take place and the purity of the distillate improves with every cycle. An illustration depicting a fractional distillation setup is provided below.