write a note on soil and crops
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Explanation:
* soil:
Soil is formed as a result of the weathering process. Soil is a mixture of humus and rock particles. It is one of the natural resources and provides plants all its nutrients required during photosynthesis. It is the natural habitat of many living organisms and is essential in agriculture.
*crop:
A crop is a plant or animal product that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. Crop may refer either to the harvested parts or to the harvest in a more refined state. Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or aquaculture.
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Soil is formed as a result of the weathering process. Soil is a mixture of humus and rock particles. It is one of the natural resources and provides plants all its nutrients required during photosynthesis. It is the natural habitat of many living organisms and is essential in agriculture. Soil consists of different layers such as:
Humus
Water
Clay
Sand
Gravel
Different parts of India have different types of soils. Major types of soil are:
Clayey Soil
Loamy Soil
Sandy Soil
Formation of soil is affected by external factors such as temperature, wind, rainfall, humidity, sunlight. These factors are crucial in bringing about changes in the texture and quality of the soil. The type of crop that would be grown using a particular type of soil is determined by the components of soil and climatic influence of a region.
The following table will help you understand different crops grown on different types of soil in a better way. This classification of soil is based on the particle size i.e, their texture.
Variants Loamy Soil Clayey Soil Sandy soil
Properties Consists of sand, clay, and silt Contains fine clay particles Contains little clay and more sand
Contains a lot of air Drains water easily Porous
Rich in humus and fertile Sticky Water retaining capacity is low
Retains water well Very little air present A lot of air present
Contains clay in tiny amounts
Porous
Rich in organic matter Low in nutrient content
Crops suitable for growing Cereals – Wheat, gram, Sugarcane, Jute, Vegetables Cereals – Wheat, gram, Paddy
Lentils, Pulses
Cactus, melon, coconut
Based on colour and other attributes, soil can be classified into the following:
Red and yellow soil
Black soil
Alluvial soil
Laterite Soil
Arid soil
Mountain & Forest soil
Desert soil
Saline and alkaline soils
Marshy and peaty soils
Humus
Water
Clay
Sand
Gravel
Different parts of India have different types of soils. Major types of soil are:
Clayey Soil
Loamy Soil
Sandy Soil
Formation of soil is affected by external factors such as temperature, wind, rainfall, humidity, sunlight. These factors are crucial in bringing about changes in the texture and quality of the soil. The type of crop that would be grown using a particular type of soil is determined by the components of soil and climatic influence of a region.
The following table will help you understand different crops grown on different types of soil in a better way. This classification of soil is based on the particle size i.e, their texture.
Variants Loamy Soil Clayey Soil Sandy soil
Properties Consists of sand, clay, and silt Contains fine clay particles Contains little clay and more sand
Contains a lot of air Drains water easily Porous
Rich in humus and fertile Sticky Water retaining capacity is low
Retains water well Very little air present A lot of air present
Contains clay in tiny amounts
Porous
Rich in organic matter Low in nutrient content
Crops suitable for growing Cereals – Wheat, gram, Sugarcane, Jute, Vegetables Cereals – Wheat, gram, Paddy
Lentils, Pulses
Cactus, melon, coconut
Based on colour and other attributes, soil can be classified into the following:
Red and yellow soil
Black soil
Alluvial soil
Laterite Soil
Arid soil
Mountain & Forest soil
Desert soil
Saline and alkaline soils
Marshy and peaty soils
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