Question

write a note on the evolution of ramapithecus from monkey-like animals... ​

Answer 1

The fossil finds of Ramapithecus are regarded as the most important addition to the knowledge relating to human evolutionary development. It is the most important fossil hominid from Miocene period. In recent years, Ramapithecus has been accepted by many scholars as the

first true hominid. Most of the Ramapithecus fossil specimen consists of teeth and jaws and they principally come from two areas – the Shiwalik hills in India and Fort Ternan in Kennya. A mandible is also found from Pakistan and this may be the most complete fossil yet found known

as Ramapithecus. Other specimens have been found from Turkey, Hungary and Greece. The Fort Ternan fossil have been absolutely dated to 14 million years ago, while the Siwalik hill specimens are younger being dated to about 10-12 million years ago. The striking feature of this Miocene fossil is that the dental arcade was rounded, the canines small and, probably, the incisors small and spatulate. It can be deduced from these features that the front teeth were no longer used for tearing the food and that this was a function of the hands freed by bipedalism for the task. Ramapithecus certainly provides a possible link between the definitely ape like Dryopithecus and the later Pliocene and Pleistocene hominids. The molar teeth of the Ramapithecus are relatively much larger than those of Homo, but are smaller than those of Dryopithecus. The whole animal was gibbon size. Ramapithecus thus occurs in the proper time and place to represent a forerunner of the Pleistocene Hominidae.

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Answer 2

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Ramapithecus Late Miocene and early Pliocene ape, known from fragmentary fossils from E. Africa, south-eastern Europe, and northern India and Pakistan, dating from 14–10 Ma ago, and apparently identical or very similar to the E. African Kenyapithecus. Ramapithecus is regarded by many as transitional between the true Miocene apes (the Dryopithecinae) and the later Hominidae. If this is so, then the human and ape lines diverged prior to the late Miocene, 15–25 Ma ago. More recent evidence, however, suggests that Ramapithecus and the related or identical Sivapithecus are nearer to the evolutionary line that led to the orang-utan.