write a note on the ganga river system
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The Ganges, or Ganga , is a trans-boundary river of Asia which flows through India and Bangladesh. The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of India and Bangladesh, eventually emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
The Ganges is a lifeline to millions who live along its course. It is a most sacred river to Hindus, and worshiped as the goddess Ganga in Hinduism.[ It has been important historically: many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Patliputra,Kannauj,[Kara, Kashi, Allahabad, Murshidabad, Munger, Baharampur, Kampilya and Kolkata) have been located on its banks.
The Ganges is threatened by pollution, not only to humans, but also to animals, among which are more than 140 fish species, 90 amphibian species, reptiles such as the gharial, and mammals such as the Ganges river dolphin, the last-mentioned two included in the IUCN's critically endangered list.[8] The levels of fecal coliform bacteria from human waste in the river near Varanasi are more than a hundred times the Indian government's official limit.[8] The Ganga Action Plan, an environmental initiative to clean up the river, is considered a failure,[a][b][9] which is variously attributed to corruption, a lack of will in the government, poor technical expertise[c] and environmental planning,[d] and a lack of support from religious authorities.[e].
Explanation:
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GANGA RIVER SYSTEM
- Headwater of Ganga is called Bhagirathi joined by Alakananda at Devprayag in Uttar Pradesh.
- At Haridwar Ganga emerges from mountains on to plains.
- The tributaries that joins Ganga from Himalayas are Yamuna, Ghagra, Gandak and Kosi.
- Ghagra, Gandak and Kosi rises from Nepal.
- Yamuna flows parallel to Ganga and meet it at Allahbad.
- The tributaries from peninsular uplands and Chambal, Betwa and Son.
- These three rivers rises from semi-arid regions.
- Ganga flows till Farakka in West Bengal where it divides into two branches.
- First branch Bhagirathi-Hooghly river flows At southwards in West Bengal.
- Second branch joins in Brahmaputra at Bangladesh.
- The river formed by water of Ganga and Brahmaputra merges into Bay of Bengal.
- Before merging they formed some deltas which are known as Sunderban delta.